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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Five major New York City organized crime families of the Italian American Mafia}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{for|the factions within the British Conservative Party|Five Families (Conservative Party)}}
[[File:Salvatore Maranzano.jpg|thumb|A March 1921 photo of [[Salvatore Maranzano]], who organized and led the Five Families]]
The '''Five Families''' refer to five [[American Mafia| Italian American Mafia]] [[Crime family| crime families]] that operate in [[New York City]]. In 1931, the five families were [[Organized crime| organized]] by [[Salvatore Maranzano]] following his victory in the [[Castellammarese War]].
Maranzano reorganized the Italian American gangs in New York City into the Maranzano, Profaci, Mangano, Luciano, and Gagliano families, which are now known as the [[Bonanno crime family|Bonanno]], [[Colombo crime family|Colombo]], [[Gambino crime family|Gambino]], [[Genovese crime family|Genovese]], and [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese]] families. Each family had a demarcated territory and an organizationally structured hierarchy and reported to the same overarching governing entity. Initially, Maranzano intended each family's boss to report to him as the ''[[capo dei capi]]'' ("boss of all the bosses").
However, this led to his assassination that September, and that role was abolished for [[The Commission (mafia)|the Commission]], a ruling committee established by [[Lucky Luciano]] to oversee all Mafia activities in the United States and to mediate conflicts between families. It consisted of the bosses of the Five Families as well as the bosses of the [[Chicago Outfit]] and the [[Buffalo crime family]]. In 1963, [[Joseph Valachi]] publicly disclosed the existence of New York City's Five Families at the [[Valachi hearings]]. Since then, a few other crime families have been able to become powerful or notable enough to rise to a level comparable to that of the Five Families, holding or sharing the unofficial designation of [[Sixth Family]].
==History==
===Leading up to the Five Families===
{{Further|Castellammarese War}}
In the 1920s, [[American Mafia|Mafia]] operations in the U.S. were controlled by [[Joe Masseria|Giuseppe "Joe The Boss" Masseria]], whose faction consisted mainly of gangsters from [[Sicily]] and the [[Calabria]] and [[Campania]] regions of [[Southern Italy]]. Masseria's faction included [[Charlie Luciano|Charles "Lucky" Luciano]], [[Albert Anastasia|Albert "Mad Hatter" Anastasia]], [[Vito Genovese]], [[Alfred Mineo]], [[Willie Moretti]], [[Joe Adonis]], and [[Frank Costello]]. However, powerful Sicilian ''mafioso'' [[Don (honorific)|Don]] [[Vito Cascio Ferro]] decided to make a bid for control of Mafia operations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sifakis|first=Carl|title=The Mafia Encyclopedia|year=2005|publisher=Checkmark Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0816056958|page=[https://archive.org/details/mafiaencyclopedi00sifa_0/page/56 56]|url=https://archive.org/details/mafiaencyclopedi00sifa_0/page/56}}</ref>
From his base in [[Castellammare del Golfo]], he sent [[Salvatore Maranzano]] to seize control. The Castellammarese faction in the U.S. included [[Joseph Bonanno|Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno]], [[Stefano Magaddino|Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino]], [[Joseph Profaci]], and [[Joe Aiello]].<ref>Sifakis, (2005). pp. 56–57</ref> As it became more and more evident that the two factions would clash for leadership of the Mafia, they each sought to recruit more followers to support them.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Prohibition gangsters : the rise and fall of a bad generation|last=Marc.|first=Mappen|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0813561158|location=New Brunswick, N.J.|oclc=852899302}}</ref>
The [[Castellammarese War]] was between the forces of Masseria and Maranzano.<ref>Critchley, (2008). p. 165</ref> Underneath, however, there was also a generational conflict between the old guard Sicilian leadership {{ndash}} known as the "[[Mustache Pete]]s" for their long mustaches and old-world ways, such as refusing to do business with non-Italians {{ndash}} and the "Young Turks", a younger and more diverse Italian group who were more forward-thinking and willing to work more with non-Italians. This approach led his followers to question whether Masseria was even capable of making the Mafia prosper in modern times. Led by Luciano, the aim of this group was to end the war as soon as possible in order to resume their businesses, because they viewed the conflict as unnecessary. Luciano's objective was to modernize the mob and do away with unnecessary orthodox norms.<ref>{{Cite book|title=American gangsters, then and now : an encyclopedia|last=Nate.|first=Hendley|date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0313354519|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|oclc=727948429}}</ref> This was a vision that enabled him to attract followers, who had seen the inadequacies of Masseria's traditionalist leadership. Therefore, both factions were fluid, with many mobsters switching sides or killing their own allies during the war.<ref name="Five Families">{{cite book|last=Raab|first=Selwyn|title=Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires|year=2006|publisher=St. Martin's Griffin|isbn=978-0312361815|pages=[https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_s8f3/page/22 22–35]|url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_s8f3/page/22}}</ref><ref>Sifakis, (2005). p. 323</ref> Tensions between the Maranzano and Masseria factions were evident as far back as 1928, with one side frequently [[Truck hijacking|hijacking]] the other's alcohol trucks (alcohol production was then illegal in the United States due to [[Volstead Act|Prohibition]]).
In early 1931, Luciano made the decision to take out Masseria. The war had been going poorly for Masseria, and Luciano saw an opportunity to switch allegiance. In a secret deal with Maranzano, Luciano agreed to engineer Masseria's death in return for receiving Masseria's [[racket (crime)|racket]]s and becoming Maranzano's second-in-command.<ref name="five families book">{{cite book |title=The Five Families |date=May 13, 2014 |publisher=MacMillan |isbn=9781429907989 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC |access-date=June 22, 2008 |archive-date=April 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430222535/https://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Joe Adonis]] had joined the Masseria faction and when Masseria heard about Luciano's betrayal, he approached Adonis about killing Luciano. However, Adonis instead warned Luciano about the murder plot.<ref name=Reppetto>{{cite book|last=Reppetto|first=Thomas|title=American Mafia: a history of its rise to power|year=2004|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|location=New York|isbn=0-8050-7210-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/americanmafiahis00repp/page/137 137]|url=https://archive.org/details/americanmafiahis00repp|url-access=registration|quote=Joe Adonis.|edition=1st}}</ref> On April 15, 1931, Masseria was killed at Nuova Villa Tammaro, a [[Coney Island]] restaurant in [[Brooklyn]]. While they played cards, Luciano allegedly excused himself to the bathroom, with the gunmen reportedly being Anastasia, Genovese, Adonis, and [[Bugsy Siegel|Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Pollak|first=Michael|title=Coney Island's Big Hit|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/nyregion/answer-to-a-question-about-a-mobsters-death-in-coney-island.html?_r=0|access-date=October 31, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 29, 2012|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116023517/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/nyregion/answer-to-a-question-about-a-mobsters-death-in-coney-island.html?_r=0|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ciro Terranova|Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova]] drove the getaway car, but legend has it that he was too shaken up to drive away and had to be shoved out of the driver's seat by Siegel.<ref>Sifakis, (2005). pp. 87–88</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Martin A. Gosch|author2=Richard Hammer|author3=Lucky Luciano|title=The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano|year=1975|publisher=Little, Brown|isbn=978-0-316-32140-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lasttestamentofl00gosc/page/130 130–132]|url=https://archive.org/details/lasttestamentofl00gosc/page/130}}</ref> With Maranzano's blessing, Luciano took over Masseria's gang and became Maranzano's lieutenant, ending the Castellammarese War.<ref name="five families book"/>
===The Five Families' formation===
With Masseria gone, Maranzano reorganized the Italian American gangs in New York City into the Five Families headed by Luciano, [[Joe Profaci|Profaci]], [[Tommy Gagliano|Gagliano]], [[Vincent Mangano|Mangano]], and himself. Maranzano called a meeting of crime bosses in [[Wappingers Falls, New York]],{{when|date=March 2024}} where he declared himself ''[[capo di tutti i capi]]'' ("boss of all bosses").<ref name="five families book"/> Maranzano also whittled down the rival families' rackets in favor of his own. Luciano appeared to accept these changes, but was merely biding his time before removing Maranzano.<ref name=MafEnc>Sifakis</ref> Although Maranzano was slightly more forward-thinking than Masseria, Luciano had come to believe that Maranzano was even greedier and more hidebound than Masseria had been.<ref name="five families book"/>
By September 1931, Maranzano realized Luciano was a threat, and hired [[Vincent Coll|Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll]], an Irish gangster, to kill him.<ref name="five families book"/> However, Lucchese alerted Luciano that he was marked for death.<ref name="five families book"/> On September 10, 1931, Maranzano ordered Luciano, Genovese, and Costello to come to his office at the [[Helmsley Building|230 Park Avenue]] in [[Manhattan]]. Convinced that Maranzano planned to murder them, Luciano decided to act first.<ref name=Cohen>{{cite book|last=Cohen|first=Rich|title=Tough Jews|year=1999|publisher=Vintage Books|location=New York|isbn=0-375-70547-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/toughjews00cohe/page/65 65]–66|url=https://archive.org/details/toughjews00cohe|url-access=registration|quote=Genovese maranzano.|edition=1st Vintage Books}}</ref> He sent four Jewish gangsters to Maranzano's office whose faces were unknown to Maranzano's people. They had been secured with the aid of [[Jewish-American organized crime|Jewish mobsters]] [[Meyer Lansky]] and [[Bugsy Siegel]].<ref name="Dec. 7, 1998">Buchanan, Edna (1998-12-07). "Lucky Luciano: Criminal Mastermind". ''Time'', December 7, 1998. Originally retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989779,00.html. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227034055/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989779,00.html |date=December 27, 2013 }}</ref> Disguised as government agents, two of the gangsters disarmed Maranzano's bodyguards. The other two, aided by Lucchese, who was there to point Maranzano out, stabbed the boss multiple times before shooting him.<ref name=Saga>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080911231857/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/2.html "Genovese family saga"]. ''Crime Library''.</ref><ref>"The Genovese Family," ''Crime Library'', [http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/2.html ''Crime Library''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214043547/http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/2.html |date=December 14, 2007 }}</ref> This assassination was the first of what would later be fabled as the "Night of the [[Sicilian Vespers]]".<ref name=Saga/>
===The Commission's formation===
After Maranzano's murder in 1931, Luciano called a meeting in [[Chicago]].<ref name=critchley232>Critchley, ''The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891-1931'', p. 232</ref><ref name="Capeci guide"/><ref>Humbert S. Nelli ''The business of crime: Italians and syndicate crime in the United States'' [https://archive.org/details/businessofcrimei00nell/page/207 <!-- quote=chicago conference 1931. --> (pp. 206–208)]</ref> Although there would have been few objections had Luciano declared himself ''capo di tutti i capi,'' he abolished the title, believing the position created trouble among the families and would make himself a target for another ambitious challenger.<ref name=capital>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivN7BAAAQBAJ&q=lucky+luciano+church+prison+the+Victoria%2C+the+ship+of+Ferdinand+Magella&pg=PA51|title=Capital of the World: A Portrait of New York City in the Roaring Twenties|author=David Wallace|year=2012|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9780762768196|access-date=November 11, 2020|archive-date=August 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815133322/https://books.google.com/books?id=ivN7BAAAQBAJ&q=lucky+luciano+church+prison+the+Victoria%2C+the+ship+of+Ferdinand+Magella&pg=PA51|url-status=live}}</ref> Luciano's goals with [[The Commission (American Mafia)|the Commission]] were to quietly maintain his own power over all the families, and to prevent future gang wars; the bosses approved the idea of the Commission.<ref name="Capeci guide">[[Jerry Capeci|Capeci, Jerry]]. ''The complete idiot's guide to the Mafia'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=GhfExAeLSBAC&q=commission&pg=PA43 "The Mafia's Commission" (pp. 31–46)]</ref> The Commission would consist of a "[[board of directors]]" to oversee all Mafia activities in the United States and serve to mediate conflicts between families.<ref name="Capeci guide"/><ref name=origins>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/nyregion/the-commission-s-origins.html|title=The Commission's Origins|date=1986|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 22, 2017|archive-date=April 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413102922/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/nyregion/the-commission-s-origins.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
The Commission consisted of seven family bosses: the leaders of New York's Five Families: [[Charlie Luciano|Charlie "Lucky" Luciano]], [[Vincent Mangano]], [[Tommy Gagliano]], [[Joseph Bonanno]], and [[Joe Profaci]]; [[Chicago Outfit]] boss [[Al Capone]]; and [[Buffalo crime family|Buffalo family]] boss [[Stefano Magaddino]].<ref name="Capeci guide"/><ref name=origins/> Charlie Luciano was appointed [[chairman]] of the Commission. The Commission agreed to hold meetings every five years or when they needed to discuss family problems.<ref name="Capeci guide"/>
===Decline of the Mafia===
The five Mafia families in New York City are still active, albeit less powerful. The peak of the Mafia in the United States was during the 1940s, and the 1950s, until the year 1970 when the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]] (RICO Act) was enacted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act {{!}} United States [1970] {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Racketeer-Influenced-and-Corrupt-Organizations-Act |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The specific reason for the RICO Act was to stop the mafia and [[organized crime]] as a whole. The act was effective, and led to a large portion of the members who were arrested turning into informants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mobsters who became informants {{!}} American Mafia History |url=https://mafiahistory.us/maf-info.html |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=mafiahistory.us}}</ref> This effect compounded over time.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003 |title=Ideas Shoot Bullets: How the RICO Act Became a Potent Weapon in the War Against Organized Crime |url=https://concept.journals.villanova.edu/index.php/concept/article/view/312 |journal=Concept |language=en |volume=26}}</ref>
==Original and current Five Families bosses==
{{Further|Valachi hearings}}
In 1963, [[Joseph Valachi]] publicly disclosed the existence of New York City's Five Families at the [[Valachi hearings]]. According to Valachi, the original bosses of the Five Families were [[Charles Luciano]], [[Tommy Gagliano|Tommaso Gagliano]], [[Joseph Profaci]], [[Salvatore Maranzano]], and [[Vincent Mangano]]. At the time of his testimony in 1963, Valachi revealed that the current bosses of the Five Families were [[Tommy Lucchese]], [[Vito Genovese]], [[Joseph Colombo]], [[Carlo Gambino]], and [[Joseph Bonanno|Joe Bonanno]]. These have since been the names most commonly used to refer to the New York Five Families, despite years of overturn and changing bosses in each.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Two Mafias: a transatlantic history, 1888-2008|last=Lupo|first=Salvatore|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2015|isbn=978-1-137-49135-0|location=New York|pages=123}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Original family name
! Founded by
! Current family name
! Named after
! Current boss
! Acting boss
|-
| Maranzano
| [[Salvatore Maranzano]]
| [[Bonanno crime family|Bonanno]]
| [[Joe Bonanno]]
| [[Michael Mancuso|Michael "The Nose" Mancuso]]<ref name="Capeci">{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jerry-capeci/mob-murder-in-montreal-co_b_417688.html |title=Jerry Capeci: Mob Murder In Montreal Could Trigger Bloodshed In New York |work=Huffington Post |date=January 11, 2010 |access-date=April 13, 2011 |archive-date=December 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230103415/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jerry-capeci/mob-murder-in-montreal-co_b_417688.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|N/A
|-
| Profaci
| [[Joe Profaci]]
| [[Colombo crime family|Colombo]]
| [[Joseph Colombo]]
| N/A
| Robert "Little Robert" Donofrio
|-
| Mangano
| [[Vincent Mangano]]
| [[Gambino crime family|Gambino]]
| [[Carlo Gambino]]
| [[Domenico Cefalù]]
| [[Lorenzo Mannino]]
|-
| Luciano
| [[Lucky Luciano]]
| [[Genovese crime family|Genovese]]
| [[Vito Genovese]]
| [[Liborio Bellomo|Liborio Salvatore "Barney" Bellomo]]
|N/A
|-
| Gagliano
| [[Tommy Gagliano]]
| [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese]]
| [[Tommy Lucchese]]
| [[Victor Amuso]]
| [[List of Lucchese crime family mobsters#Michael DeSantis|Michael "Big Mike" DeSantis]]
|-
|}
==Territories==
The crime families historically operated throughout the [[New York metropolitan area]], but mainly within [[New York City]]. In the state of [[New York (state)|New York]], the gangs have increased their criminal [[Racket (crime)|rackets]] on [[Long Island]], including both [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]] and [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] counties, and the counties of [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]], [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]], and [[Albany County, New York|Albany]]. They also maintain a strong presence in the state of [[New Jersey]].<ref name="New Jersey Organized Crime Report">{{cite book|url=http://www.state.nj.us/sci/pdf/ocreport.pdf|title=The Changing Face of Organized Crime in New Jersey ''(A Status Report)''|date=May 2004|pages=105–114|access-date=August 10, 2010|archive-date=December 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219032552/http://www.state.nj.us/sci/pdf/ocreport.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The Five Families are also active in [[South Florida metropolitan area|South Florida]], [[Connecticut]], [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]], and [[Massachusetts]].
* The '''[[Bonanno crime family]]''' operates mainly in [[Boroughs of New York City|Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, and Long Island]]. The family also maintains influence in [[Manhattan]], [[The Bronx]], Westchester County, New Jersey, [[California]], [[Florida]], and [[Atlanta]], and have ties to the [[Rizzuto crime family]] in [[Quebec]].
** The Bath Avenue Crew operated in the [[Bensonhurst]] section of [[Brooklyn]], New York City
* The '''[[Colombo crime family]]''' operates mainly in Brooklyn, [[Queens]], and Long Island. The family also maintains influence in [[Staten Island]], Manhattan, The Bronx, New Jersey, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and Florida.
* The '''[[Gambino crime family]]''' operates mainly in Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island. The family also maintains influence in The Bronx, New Jersey, Westchester County, [[Connecticut]], Florida, and [[Los Angeles]].
** The [[Ozone Park Boys]] operate in Queens and Long Island.
** The Staten Island Boys operate mainly in Staten Island under few other sub-groups.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Durkin |first=Erin |date=15 Mar 2019 |title='They don't bother nobody': the quiet presence of New York's mafia |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/15/franky-boy-cali-new-york-mob-mafia-shooting-staten-island }}</ref>
*** The Annadale-Rossville Boys
*** Great Kills Crew
*** North Staten Island Crew
* The '''[[Genovese crime family]]''' operates mainly in Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, and New Jersey. The family also maintains influence in Queens, Staten Island, Long Island, Westchester County, Rockland County, Connecticut, [[Massachusetts]], and Florida.
** [[116th Street Crew]] operates in Upper Manhattan and The Bronx.
** [[Greenwich Village Crew]] operates in Greenwich Village in [[Lower Manhattan]].
** [[Genovese crime family New Jersey faction]] operates throughout New Jersey.<ref name="New Jersey Organized Crime Report" />
* The '''[[Lucchese crime family]]''' operates mainly in The Bronx, Manhattan, Brooklyn, and New Jersey. The family also maintains influence in Queens, Long Island, Staten Island, Westchester County, and Florida.
** [[The Vario Crew|Cutaia Crew]] operates in Brooklyn, Queens, and Long Island.
** [[Lucchese crime family New Jersey faction]] operates throughout New Jersey.
** [[The Tanglewood Boys]] was a "recruitment gang" that operated in Westchester County, The Bronx, and Manhattan.
==Mafia boss succession==
===Bonanno family===
{{Main|Bonanno crime family}}
[[File:Joseph Bonanno.jpg|thumb|Mugshot of [[Joseph Bonanno|Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno]], boss of the [[Bonanno crime family]] from 1931 to 1968]]
*1909–1912 – [[Sebastiano DiGaetano]]
*1912–1930 – [[Nicolo Schiro|Nicolo Schirò]] – fled
*1930–1931 – [[Salvatore Maranzano]] – murdered on September 10, 1931<ref name="Raab">Raab, Selwyn. ''The Five Families: The Rise, Decline & Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empire''. New York: St. Martins Press, 2005.</ref>
*1931–1968 – [[Joseph Bonanno|Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno]] – on October 21, 1964, Bonanno disappeared; forcibly replaced as boss by the commission;<ref name="Sifakis p.28-29">The Mafia Encyclopedia By Carl Sifakis [https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&dq=Paul+Sciacca&pg=PA29 pg.28–29]</ref> crime family split into two factions; in May 1966, Bonanno reappeared after two years; officially retires after a heart attack in 1968
**''Disputed'' 1964–1966 – [[Gaspar DiGregorio|Gaspar "Gasparino" DiGregorio]] – installed when Bonanno disappeared and later forcibly replaced by the Commission<ref name="Sifakis p.28-29" />
**''Acting'' 1966–1968 – [[Paul Sciacca]]<ref name="Mafia Easy pg.173">The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra by Peter J. Devico [https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=Evola (pg. 173)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=Evola&f=false |date=January 15, 2017 }}</ref> – for the DiGregorio faction
*1968–1971 – [[Paul Sciacca]] – imprisoned
*1971–1973 – [[Natale Evola|Natale "Joe Diamonds" Evola]]<ref name="Mafia Easy pg.173" /> – died on August 28, 1973<ref name="evola dead">{{cite news|last=Gage|first=Nicholas|title=Natale Evola, Mafia Figure, Is Dead at 66|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1973/08/31/90473202.pdf|access-date=March 17, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 31, 1973}}</ref>
*1973–1991 – [[Philip Rastelli|Phillip "Rusty" Rastelli]]<ref name="Mafia Easy pg.173" /> – imprisoned 1975–1984 and 1986–1991<ref name="Trutv" />
**''Acting (unofficial)''<ref>Raab, pp. 203–205</ref> 1974–1979 – [[Carmine Galante|Carmine "Cigar" Galante]]<ref name="Mafia Easy pg.173" /> – murdered on July 12, 1979<ref name=Trutv>{{cite web|last=Bruno|first=Anthony|title=The Bonanno Family: "What's There to Say?"|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/bonanno/1.html|work=TruTV Crime Library|access-date=April 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514134416/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/bonanno/1.html|archive-date=May 14, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**''Acting'' 1979–1983 – Salvatore "Sally Fruits" Farrugia – appointed by the Commission<ref>Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia By Joseph D. Pistone [https://books.google.com/books?id=BcPAL4rXbcgC&dq=Salvatore+%22Sally+Fruits%22+Farrugia&pg=PT264 read] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708141602/http://books.google.com/books?id=BcPAL4rXbcgC&pg=PT264&dq=Salvatore+%22Sally+Fruits%22+Farrugia&hl=en&ei=ALVFToh5g-mBB-7YvcYG&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Salvatore%20%22Sally%20Fruits%22%20Farrugia&f=false |date=July 8, 2014 }}</ref>
**''Acting'' 1987–1991 – [[Anthony Spero|Anthony "Old Man" Spero]]<ref name="Mafia Easy pg.173" /> – sentenced to life imprisonment in 2002, died in 2008
*1991–2004 – [[Joseph Massino|Joseph "Big Joey" Massino]] – imprisoned January 2003, became government informant in October 2004
**''Acting'' 1991–1993 – Anthony "Old Man" Spero
**''Acting'' 2003–2004 – Anthony "Tony Green" Urso – imprisoned January 2004
*2004–2011 – [[Vincent Basciano|Vincent "Vinny Gorgeous" Basciano]] – imprisoned November 2004, in July 2007 received a life sentence
**''Acting'' 2004–2006 – [[Michael Mancuso|Michael "the Nose" Mancuso]] – imprisoned February 2006
**''Acting'' 2006–2009 – [[Salvatore Montagna|Salvatore "Sal the Iron Worker" Montagna]] – deported to Canada in April 2009,<ref name="canadian">[http://mafiatoday.com/bonanno-family/canadian-officials-aware-of-imminent-return-to-montreal-of-alleged-mafia-boss/ "Canadian officials aware of imminent return to Montreal of alleged Mafia boss"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130128064305/http://mafiatoday.com/bonanno-family/canadian-officials-aware-of-imminent-return-to-montreal-of-alleged-mafia-boss/ |date=January 28, 2013 }} Mafia Today April 20, 2009</ref> shot and killed in November 2011
**''Acting'' 2010–2012 – [[Vincent Badalamenti|Vincent "Vinny T.V." Badalamenti]] – imprisoned in January 2012<ref name="VTV pinch">{{cite news|last=Marzulli|first=John|title=Feds bust 5 mob suspects, including alleged Bonanno boss Vincent (Vinny TV) Badalamenti|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/feds-bust-5-mob-suspects-including-alleged-bonanno-boss-vincent-vinny-tv-badalamenti-article-1.1012873|access-date=January 27, 2012|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=January 27, 2012|archive-date=January 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130035019/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/feds-bust-5-mob-suspects-including-alleged-bonanno-boss-vincent-vinny-tv-badalamenti-article-1.1012873|url-status=live}}</ref>
*2013–present – [[Michael Mancuso|Michael "the Nose" Mancuso]]<ref name="Mancuso June 2013">{{cite news|last=Marzulli|first=John|title=Bonanno crime family sniffs out Michael 'The Nose' Mancuso as new boss: sources|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/bonanno-family-names-nose-new-boss-article-1.1380609|work=New York Daily News|date=June 24, 2013|access-date=June 24, 2013|archive-date=June 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627063804/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/bonanno-family-names-nose-new-boss-article-1.1380609|url-status=live}}</ref> – released from prison March 12, 2019
**''Acting'' 2013–2014 – Thomas "Tommy D" DiFiore<ref>{{cite news|last=Capeci|first=Jerry|title=New Bonanno Boss Speaks Softly; Hides in the Bushes|url=http://www.ganglandnews.com/index.html|publisher=Gang Land News|date=June 13, 2013|access-date=June 15, 2013|archive-date=June 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603091506/http://www.ganglandnews.com/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> – arrested on January 23, 2014
**''Acting'' 2014–2015 – John "Johnny Skyway" Palazzolo – arrested on March 27, 2015, for violating parole<ref>{{cite news|last=Yaniv|first=Oren|title=Bonanno crime family street boss locked up after feds catch him meeting with other mobsters – violating his parole|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/mobster-locked-meeting-mobsters-violating-parole-article-1.2165308|work=New York Daily News|date=March 28, 2015|access-date=May 5, 2015|archive-date=March 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331015118/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/mobster-locked-meeting-mobsters-violating-parole-article-1.2165308|url-status=live}}</ref>
**''Acting'' 2015–2019 – Joseph "Joe C" Cammarano Jr.<ref name="Cammarano Jr">{{cite news|last=Marzulli|first=John|title=EXCLUSIVE: Mob boss rebuilding what's left of Bonanno crime family|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943|work=New York Daily News|date=January 18, 2016|access-date=January 22, 2016|archive-date=January 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120195408/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943|url-status=live}}</ref> – indicted on racketeering and extortion charges on January 12, 2018, acquitted March 13, 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943|title=EXCLUSIVE: Mob boss rebuilding what's left of Bonanno crime family – NY Daily News|first=John|last=Marzulli|website=New York Daily News|date=January 18, 2016 |access-date=January 15, 2020|archive-date=October 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029211527/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152|title=Acting Bonanno mob boss, high-ranking family leaders busted in racketeering takedown – NY Daily News|first=VICTORIA BEKIEMPIS, Larry|last=McShane|website=New York Daily News|date=January 12, 2018 |access-date=January 15, 2020|archive-date=August 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806134008/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cammarano Jr busted 2018">{{cite news|last=Bekiempis|first=Victoria|author2=McShane, Larry|title=Acting Bonanno mob boss, high-ranking family leaders busted in racketeering takedown|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152|access-date=January 14, 2018|agency=NY Daily News|date=January 12, 2018|archive-date=January 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001542/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=acquit>[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/13/briefing/frank-cali-gambino-shot.html Francesco Cali, Reputed Gambino Crime Boss, Shot and Killed on Staten Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317004801/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/13/briefing/frank-cali-gambino-shot.html |date=March 17, 2019 }}, ''The New York Times'', March 13, 2019</ref>
===Colombo family===
{{Main|Colombo crime family}}
[[File:Josephcolombo.jpg|thumb|The March 6, 1970 mug shot of [[Joseph Colombo]], boss of the [[Colombo crime family]]]]
* 1928–1962 – [[Joe Profaci|Joseph Profaci]]<ref name="DeVico pg. 174">DeVico, Peter J. ''The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=profaci (pg. 174)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=profaci&f=false |date=January 15, 2017 }} [[Tate Publishing & Enterprises|Tate Publishing]], 2007. {{ISBN|1-60247-254-8}}</ref> – died of natural causes
* 1962–1963 – [[Joseph Magliocco]]<ref name="DeVico pg. 174" /> – forced to retire by Mafia Commission
* 1963–1973 – [[Joseph Colombo]]<ref name="DeVico pg. 174" /> – paralyzed by assassination attempt
**''Acting'' 1971–1972 – Joseph Yacovelli<ref name="DeVico pg. 174" /><ref name="Machi">Machi, Mario [http://www.americanmafia.com/Cities/New_York.html American Mafia.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212122211/http://www.americanmafia.com/Cities/New_York.html |date=December 12, 2010 }} ''New York''</ref> – fled, after the murder of Joe Gallo
**''Acting'' 1972–1973 – [[Vincenzo Aloi|Vincenzo "Vincent" Aloi]]<ref name="NJ Report 1989">MafiaNJ.com ''La Cosa Nostra State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation 1989 Report.'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=ay26SKSQBgQC&dq=Vincent+Aloi%2C+Thomas+DiBella%2C+and+Joseph+Brancato&pg=PA17 pg.17] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131132/https://books.google.com/books?id=ay26SKSQBgQC&pg=PA17&dq=Vincent+Aloi,+Thomas+DiBella,+and+Joseph+Brancato&hl=en&ei=qxE6TbvzB4nKgQeBoNXbCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Vincent%20Aloi%2C%20Thomas%20DiBella%2C%20and%20Joseph%20Brancato&f=false |date=January 15, 2017 }}</ref> – imprisoned
**''Acting'' 1973 – Joseph "Joey" Brancato<ref name="DeVico pg. 174" /><ref name="NJ Report 1989" /> – imprisoned<ref name="Machi" />
* 1973–2019 – [[Carmine Persico|Carmine "Junior" Persico]]<ref name="DeVico pg. 174"/> – imprisoned 1973–1979,<ref name=persico1>Staff (January 6, 1981) [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/06/nyregion/the-city-persico-trial-put-off-on-bribery-charges.html?sq=The+City%3B+Persico+Trial+Put+Off+On+Bribery+Charges&scp=1&st=cse "The City; Persico Trial Put Off On Bribery Charges"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051743/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/06/nyregion/the-city-persico-trial-put-off-on-bribery-charges.html?sq=The+City%3B+Persico+Trial+Put+Off+On+Bribery+Charges&scp=1&st=cse |date=July 29, 2018 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> 1981–1984,<ref name=persico2>Fried, Joseph P. (November 10, 1981) [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/nyregion/persico-rank-rankles-as-he-is-given-5-years.html?scp=5&sq=Carmine%20%20Persico%20five%20years&st=cse "Persico Rank Rankles as he is Given 5 Years"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051630/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/nyregion/persico-rank-rankles-as-he-is-given-5-years.html?scp=5&sq=Carmine%20%20Persico%20five%20years&st=cse |date=July 29, 2018 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> 1985–2019,<ref name="Maas pg 191">Maas, Peter (1997) ''[[Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia]]'' HarperCollins. pp.191-92 {{ISBN|0060182563}}</ref> died on March 7, 2019<ref name="Persico death">{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Legendary-New-York-Mob-Boss-Carmine-Persico-Dead-at-Age-85-506873551.html|title=Legendary New York Mob Boss Carmine Persico, Head of Colombo Family, Dead at Age 85|publisher=nbcnewyork.com|date=March 7, 2019|access-date=March 8, 2019|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330044320/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Legendary-New-York-Mob-Boss-Carmine-Persico-Dead-at-Age-85-506873551.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
**''Acting'' 1973–1979 – [[Thomas DiBella]]<ref name="NJ Report 1989" /> – stepped down, became consigliere
**''Acting'' 1981–1983 – Alphonse "Allie Boy" Persico – Carmine Persico's brother; fugitive 1980–1987, imprisoned<ref name="Alphonse Persico dead">Staff (September 13, 1989) [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/13/obituaries/alphonse-persico-61-is-dead-leader-of-colombo-crime-family.html?scp=1&sq=Alphonse%20Persico&st=cse "Alphonse Persico, 61, Is Dead; Leader of Colombo Crime Family"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051810/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/13/obituaries/alphonse-persico-61-is-dead-leader-of-colombo-crime-family.html?scp=1&sq=Alphonse%20Persico&st=cse |date=July 29, 2018 }}. ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref><ref>Buder, Leonard (December 19, 1987) [https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/19/nyregion/colombo-figure-given-25-years-on-80-charges.html?sq=Colombo+Figure+Given+25+Years+On+%2780+Charges&scp=1&st=cse "Colombo Figure Given 25 Years On '80 Charges"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051916/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/19/nyregion/colombo-figure-given-25-years-on-80-charges.html?sq=Colombo+Figure+Given+25+Years+On+%2780+Charges&scp=1&st=cse |date=July 29, 2018 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref>
**''Acting'' 1983–1984 – [[Gennaro Langella|Gennaro "Jerry Lang" Langella]] – imprisoned<ref name="Maas pg 191" />
**''Acting'' 1985–1987 – Anthony "Scappy" Scarpati<ref>Maas, Peter (1997) ''[[Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia]]''. HarperCollins. p.155 {{ISBN|0060182563}}</ref> – imprisoned
**''Acting'' 1987–1991 – [[Victor Orena|Vittorio "Vic" Orena]]<ref>Raab (2006), pp.332-33</ref> – imprisoned sentenced to life<ref>Raab, Selwyn (December 10, 1991) [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/10/nyregion/even-to-the-5-families-the-fighting-colombos-have-been-black-sheep.html?scp=2&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse "Even to the 5 Families, the Fighting Colombos Have Been Black Sheep"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131600/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/10/nyregion/even-to-the-5-families-the-fighting-colombos-have-been-black-sheep.html?scp=2&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse |date=January 15, 2017 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref>
**''Acting'' 1991–1993 – ''Vacant'' – disputed leadership during the third war
**''Acting'' 1994–1996 – Andrew "Andy Mush" Russo<ref name="Capeci pg.386">Capeci (2001), pp.386-88</ref><ref name="jury tampering">{{cite news|last=Capeci|first=Jerry|title=MOB BOSS RIPS JURY-TAMPERING SENTENCE|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/mob-boss-rips-jury-tampering-sentence-article-1.853234|access-date=April 19, 2012|newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]|date=August 5, 1999|archive-date=May 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515052158/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/mob-boss-rips-jury-tampering-sentence-article-1.853234|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Russo 2006">[http://protect.theinfo.org/pacer/ecf.nysd/12711212514.pdf United States District Judge John F. Keenan Case 1:97-cv-08591-JFK] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319211238/http://protect.theinfo.org/pacer/ecf.nysd/12711212514.pdf |date=March 19, 2012 }} (May 22, 2006)</ref> – imprisoned March 1997<ref name="Russo 2006"/>
**''Acting'' 1996–2019 – [[Alphonse Persico|Alphonse "Little Allie Boy" Persico]]<ref name="Capeci pg.386" /> – Carmine Persico's son; imprisoned sentenced to life 2009<ref name="end control">{{cite news|last=Marzulli|first=John|title=Alphonse Persico life sentence may end control of Colombo crime family|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/alphonse-persico-life-sentence-control-colombo-crime-family-article-1.370944|access-date=April 19, 2012|newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]|date=March 1, 2009|archive-date=May 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515045021/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/alphonse-persico-life-sentence-control-colombo-crime-family-article-1.370944|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mafia News Today">{{cite web|url=http://mafianewstoday.com/updated-colombo-family-leadership-being-revealed|title=Updated Colombo Family Leadership being revealed?|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923185208/http://mafianewstoday.com/updated-colombo-family-leadership-being-revealed|archive-date=September 23, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Persico life 2009">[https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo02709.htm Colombo Organized Crime Family Acting Boss Alphonse T. Persico and Administration Member John J. Deross Sentenced to Life Imprisonment for the Murder of William "Wild Bill" Cutolo and Related Witness Tampering] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321170527/https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo02709.htm/ |date=March 21, 2016 }} (February 27, 2009)</ref>
* 2019–2022 – Andrew "Andy Mush" Russo – indicted on September 14, 2021.<ref name="Russo indictment 09-12-2021">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-14|title=14 Defendants Indicted, Including the Entire Administration of the Colombo Organized Crime Family|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/14-defendants-indicted-including-entire-administration-colombo-organized-crime-family|access-date=2021-09-16|website=www.justice.gov|language=en}}</ref> Died on April 18, 2022.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=McShane |first=Noah Goldberg, Larry |title=Colombo family boss Andrew 'Mush' Russo dies at age 87 while awaiting federal racketeering case |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-mob-boss-death-colombo-andrew-mush-russo-20220420-ux4bwytflzh2pdtavbqmtcbohe-story.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220420200531/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-mob-boss-death-colombo-andrew-mush-russo-20220420-ux4bwytflzh2pdtavbqmtcbohe-story.html |archive-date=2022-04-20 |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=New York Daily News|date=April 20, 2022 }}</ref><ref name="Andrew Russo died">{{cite news |last1=Lawson |first1=Kyle |title=Colombo don Andrew 'Mush' Russo dies at 87 while facing federal charges: Source |url=https://www.silive.com/crime-safety/2022/04/colombo-family-boss-andrew-mush-russo-dies-at-87-while-facing-federal-charges-source.html |access-date=24 April 2022 |agency=News Paper |publisher=Staten Island Live |date=21 April 2022}}</ref>
===Gambino family===
{{Main|Gambino crime family}}
[[File:John Gotti.jpg|thumb|The 1990 mug shot of [[John Gotti]], boss of the [[Gambino crime family]] from 1985 to 2002]]
* 1900s–1910 – [[Ignazio Lupo|Ignazio "the Wolf" Lupo]] – imprisoned in 1910.<ref name=sifakis>{{cite book |last=Sifakis |first=Carl |title=The Mafia Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8160-5694-1 |pages=281–282 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&q=lupo+the+wolf+black+hand&pg=PA282 |access-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034216/https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&q=lupo+the+wolf+black+hand&pg=PA282 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1910–1928 – [[Salvatore D'Aquila|Salvatore "Toto" D'Aquila]] – took over the Brooklyn Camorra in 1916 and merged with Al Mineo's gang forming the largest family in New York. He was killed on orders of boss [[Joe Masseria]] in 1928.{{refn|<ref>''The complete idiot's guide to the Mafia'' by Jerry Capeci [https://books.google.com/books?id=o64XJkmUPr0C&q=Daquila (read)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127001810/https://books.google.com/books?id=o64XJkmUPr0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=complete+idiot's+guide+mafia&hl=en&ei=igEBTvSxNcnEgQeu-NDGDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Daquila&f=false |date=January 27, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dash |first=Mike |title=The first family: terror, extortion, revenge, murder, and the birth of the American Mafia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5RFlhpP2GxcC&q=Salvatore++D%27Aquila&pg=PP23 |page=24 |isbn=9781588368638 |date=August 4, 2009 |publisher=Random House Publishing |access-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034236/https://books.google.com/books?id=5RFlhpP2GxcC&q=Salvatore++D%27Aquila&pg=PP23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>''Crime: Computer Viruses to Twin Towers'' by H. Thomas Milhorn [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ipvh76CryVoC&dq=salvatore+d%27aquila&pg=PA218 (pg.218)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124181814/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ipvh76CryVoC&pg=PA218&dq=salvatore+d'aquila&hl=en&ei=wQEBTuztAYLTgQfTuIjZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=salvatore%20d'aquila&f=false |date=January 24, 2017 }}</ref>}}
* 1928–1930 – [[Manfredi Mineo|Manfredi "Alfred" Mineo]] – killed in [[Castellammarese War]] in 1930.
* 1930–1931 – [[Frank Scalice]] – demoted after murder of boss of all bosses [[Salvatore Maranzano]].
* 1931–1951 – [[Vincent Mangano]] – disappeared in April 1951, allegedly killed on orders of underboss Albert Anastasia.
* 1951–1957 – [[Albert Anastasia]] – murdered in October 1957 on orders of Carlo Gambino.
* 1957–1976 – [[Carlo Gambino]] – died of natural causes in 1976.
** ''Acting'' 1964–1976 – Paul Castellano – acting boss for Gambino, became official boss after his death.
* 1976–1985 – [[Paul Castellano]] – murdered in December 1985 on orders of capo John Gotti.
* 1985–2002 – [[John Gotti]] – imprisoned in 1990, died in 2002.
** ''Acting'' 1993–1999 – [[John A. Gotti]] – imprisoned in 1999, later retired.
** ''Acting'' 1999–2002 – Peter Gotti – promoted to official boss.
* 2002–2011 – [[Peter Gotti]] – imprisoned in 2002, died in 2021.
** ''Acting'' 2002–2005 – [[Arnold Squitieri]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ganglandnews.com/members/column375.htm|title=Gang Land News: America's Expert on the American Mafia (paid subscription site)|last=Capeci|first=Jerry|date=25 March 2004|website=www.ganglandnews.com|access-date=2018-10-28|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034220/https://www.ganglandnews.com/ppSD2/login.php?ssg=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganglandnews.com%2Fmembers%2Fcolumn375.htm%3F|url-status=live}}</ref>
** ''Acting'' 2005–2008 – [[Jackie D'Amico|John D'Amico]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ganglandnews.com/members/column463.htm|title=Gang Land News: America's Expert on the American Mafia (paid subscription site)|last=Capeci|first=Jerry|date=15 December 2005|website=www.ganglandnews.com|access-date=2018-10-28|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034239/https://www.ganglandnews.com/ppSD2/login.php?ssg=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganglandnews.com%2Fmembers%2Fcolumn463.htm%3F|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2011–present – [[Domenico Cefalù|Domenico "Italian Dom" Cefalù]]
**''Acting'' 2015–2019 – [[Frank Cali]] – [[murder]]ed in March 2019.<ref name=nydn210815>[http://m.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/staten-island-mobster-takes-gambino-leadership-report-article-1.2332886 Staten Island mobster takes Gambino leadership: report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220101838/http://m.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/staten-island-mobster-takes-gambino-leadership-report-article-1.2332886 |date=December 20, 2015 }}, New York Daily News, August 21, 2015</ref>
** ''Front boss'' 2019–present – [[Lorenzo Mannino]]<ref name=lore>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usworldherald.com/gambino-crime-family-new-boss/|title=Gambino crime family has a new boss|date=2019-05-12|website=The US World Herald|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-08|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206222348/https://www.usworldherald.com/gambino-crime-family-new-boss/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Genovese family===
{{Main|Genovese crime family}}
[[File:Liborio Bellomo.jpg|thumb|A 1996 mug shot of [[Liborio Bellomo]], believed to be the current boss of the [[Genovese crime family]]]]
* 1890s–1909 – [[Giuseppe Morello|Giuseppe "the Clutch Hand" Morello]] – imprisoned
* 1910–1916 – [[Nicholas Morello|Nicholas "Nick Morello" Terranova]] – murdered on September 7, 1916
* 1916–1920 – [[Vincenzo Terranova|Vincenzo "Vincent" Terranova]] – stepped down becoming underboss
* 1920–1922 – [[Giuseppe Morello|Giuseppe "the Clutch Hand" Morello]] – stepped down becoming underboss to Masseria
* 1922–1931 – [[Giuseppe Masseria|Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria]] – murdered on April 15, 1931
* 1931–1946 – [[Lucky Luciano|Charles "Lucky" Luciano]] – imprisoned in 1936, deported to Italy in 1946
** ''Acting'' 1936–1937 – [[Vito Genovese]] – fled to Italy in 1937 to avoid murder charge
** ''Acting'' 1937–1946 – [[Frank Costello|Frank "the Prime Minister" Costello]] – became official boss after Luciano's deportation
* 1946–1957 – [[Frank Costello|Frank "the Prime Minister" Costello]] – resigned in 1957 after [[Vito Genovese|Genovese]] [[Vincent Gigante|-Gigante]] assassination attempt<ref>{{cite web|title=The Strange Saga of the 'Odd Father,' the Mob Boss Who Faked Mental Illness|url=https://www.vice.com/sv/article/5gqpzk/the-strange-saga-of-the-odd-father-the-mob-boss-who-faked-mental-illness|website=Vice|date=May 17, 2016 |access-date=April 20, 2018|archive-date=April 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421031548/https://www.vice.com/sv/article/5gqpzk/the-strange-saga-of-the-odd-father-the-mob-boss-who-faked-mental-illness|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mob justice: A year of violence in gangland|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mob-justice-year-violence-gangland-article-1.814414|access-date=April 20, 2018|agency=New York Daily News|publisher=Jay Maeder|date=August 14, 2017|archive-date=April 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421030947/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mob-justice-year-violence-gangland-article-1.814414|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1957–1969 – [[Vito Genovese|Vito "Don Vito" Genovese]] – imprisoned in 1959, died in prison in 1969
** ''Acting'' 1959–1962 – [[Anthony "Tony Bender" Strollo]] – disappeared in 1962
** ''Acting'' 1962–1965 – [[Thomas Eboli|Thomas "Tommy Ryan" Eboli]] – became front boss
** ''Acting'' 1965–1969 – [[Philip Lombardo|Philip "Benny Squint" Lombardo]] – became the official boss
* 1969–1981 – [[Philip Lombardo|Philip "Benny Squint" Lombardo]] – retired in 1981, died of natural causes in 1987
* 1981–2005 – [[Vincent Gigante|Vincent "Chin" Gigante]] – imprisoned in 1997, died in prison on December 19, 2005<ref>{{cite news |last=Raab |first=Selwyn |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/03/nyregion/with-gotti-away-the-genoveses-succeed-the-leaderless-gambinos.html?scp=6&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse |title=With Gotti Away, the Genoveses Succeed the Leaderless Gambinos |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 3, 1995 |access-date=March 12, 2010 |archive-date=May 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522160034/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/03/nyregion/with-gotti-away-the-genoveses-succeed-the-leaderless-gambinos.html?scp=6&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse |url-status=live }}</ref>
** ''Acting'' 1989–1996 – [[Liborio Bellomo|Liborio "Barney" Bellomo]] – promoted to street boss
** ''Acting'' 1997–1998 – [[Dominick Cirillo|Dominick "Quiet Dom" Cirillo]] – suffered heart attack and resigned
** ''Acting'' 1998–2005 – [[Matthew Ianniello|Matthew "Matty the Horse" Ianniello]] – resigned when indicted in July 2005
**''Acting'' 2005–2008 – [[Daniel Leo (mobster)|Daniel "Danny the Lion" Leo]]<ref>"[http://news.scotsman.com/organisedcrime/Charges-against-mob-boss-show.3290872.jp Charges against mob boss show Mafia alive and well in New York]", June 1, 2007</ref> – imprisoned 2008–2013
* 2010–present – [[Liborio Bellomo|Liborio "Barney" Bellomo]]
===Lucchese family===
{{Main|Lucchese crime family}}
[[File:Tommy Lucchese 1958 by the Associated Press.jpg|thumb|[[Tommy Lucchese]], boss of the [[Lucchese crime family]] from 1951 to 1967]]
*1922–1930: [[Gaetano Reina|Gaetano "Tommy" Reina]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175">DeVico, Peter J. ''The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra.'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=Gagliano (pg. 175)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gagliano&f=false |date=January 15, 2017 }} [[Tate Publishing & Enterprises|Tate Publishing]], 2007. {{ISBN|1-60247-254-8}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=January 2020}} murdered on February 26, 1930
*1930: [[Joseph Pinzolo|Bonaventura "Joseph" Pinzolo]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> murdered on September 5, 1930
*1930–1951: [[Tommy Gagliano|Tommaso "Tommy" Gagliano]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> retired in 1951, died on February 16, 1953
*1951–1967: [[Tommy Lucchese|Gaetano "Tommy Brown" Lucchese]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> died on July 13, 1967<ref>[http://www.onewal.com/a010/f_tommylucchese.html "White-Collar Mafioso: Tommy Lucchese (1899–1967)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115183807/http://www.onewal.com/a010/f_tommylucchese.html |date=January 15, 2020 }} By Thomas Hunt Onewal.com</ref><ref>[http://www.biography.com/articles/Tommy-Lucchese-328760 "Tommy Lucchese Biography"] Bio website</ref><ref name="Harrell">Harrell, G.T. ''For Members Only: The Story of the Mob's Secret Judge.'' Arthur House Publishing, 2009 (pg 99-101)</ref>
**''Acting'' 1966–1967: [[Carmine Tramunti]]: stepped down
**''Acting'' 1967: [[Ettore Coco|Ettore "Eddie" Coco]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> stepped down
*1967–1973: [[Carmine Tramunti|Carmine "Mr. Gribbs" Tramunti]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> imprisoned in October 1973
*1973–1986: [[Anthony Corallo|Anthony "Tony Ducks" Corallo]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> indicted on February 15, 1985, convicted on November 19, 1986, in the [[Mafia Commission Trial]] and sentenced on January 13, 1987 to 100 years in prison.
*1986–present: [[Victor Amuso|Vittorio "Vic" Amuso]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /><ref name="Gaspipe pg.296">Philip Carlo. ''Gaspipe: Confessions of a Mafia Boss'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&dq=Vic+Amuso+made+boss&pg=PA296 (pg.296)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201131700/https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&pg=PA296&dq=Vic+Amuso+made+boss&hl=en&ei=JogrTbaoMYT6lwfl75S3AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Vic%20Amuso%20made%20boss&f=false |date=February 1, 2017 }}</ref> arrested in 1991, received a [[life imprisonment|life sentence]] in January 1993<ref name="Gaspipe p.246">Carlo, Philip ''Gaspipe: Confessions of a Mafia Boss'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&q=Amuso+life+sentence&pg=PA224 p. 246] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316031536/https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&pg=PA224&dq=Windows+case+1991+Amuso&hl=en&ei=ihllTuGEPMXE0AHTrICrCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Amuso%20life%20sentence&f=false |date=March 16, 2017 }}</ref>
**''Acting'' 1990–1991: [[Alphonse D'Arco|Alphonse "Little Al" D'Arco]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> demoted, became a member of a ''ruling panel''<ref name="D'Arco Declaration">[http://www.laborers.org/DARCO.html "Declaration of Alphonse D'Arco] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115183816/http://www.laborers.org/DARCO.html |date=January 15, 2020 }} by Allan N. Taffet</ref>
**''Acting'' 1995–1998: [[Joseph DeFede|Joseph "Little Joe" DeFede]]:<ref>{{cite news|last=Gearty|first=Robert|title=Luchese Ex-Boss Singing for Feds|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/luchese-ex-boss-singing-feds-article-1.496269|access-date=April 13, 2012|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=October 23, 2002|archive-date=February 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201220652/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/luchese-ex-boss-singing-feds-article-1.496269|url-status=live}}</ref> imprisoned in 1998
**''Acting'' 1998–2000: [[Steven Crea|Steven "Wonderboy" Crea]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> imprisoned on September 6, 2000<ref name="construction">[http://www.ipsn.org/ny_%20indictments_press_release.htm "Construction Indictments"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308050328/http://www.ipsn.org/ny_%20indictments_press_release.htm |date=March 8, 2020 }} District Attorney New York County Press release September 6, 2000</ref>
**''Acting'' 2000–2003: [[Louis Daidone|Louis "Louie Bagels" Daidone]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> imprisoned March 2003, received life sentence in January 2004
**''Acting'' 2009–2017: [[Matthew Madonna|Matthew "Matt" Madonna]]: indicted 2007 and 2009; imprisoned 2015–present; indicted 2017<ref name="Indictment 2017">{{cite news|last=United States Attorney’s Office Southern District of New York|title=Alleged Street Boss And Underboss Of La Cosa Nostra Family Charged With Murder And Racketering Offenses In White Plains Federal Court|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/alleged-street-boss-and-underboss-la-cosa-nostra-family-charged-murder-and-racketering|date=May 31, 2017|access-date=June 4, 2017|archive-date=July 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705210137/https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/alleged-street-boss-and-underboss-la-cosa-nostra-family-charged-murder-and-racketering|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Daily News 2017">{{cite news|last=Jacobs|first=Shayna|title=Luchese bosses among 15 cuffed in massive New York mob takedown|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/luchese-bosses-19-cuffed-massive-new-york-mob-takedown-article-1.3209306|work=New York Daily News|date=May 31, 2017|access-date=June 4, 2017|archive-date=June 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603042701/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/luchese-bosses-19-cuffed-massive-new-york-mob-takedown-article-1.3209306|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Post 2017 p2">{{cite news|last=Whitehouse|first=Kaja|title=Nearly two dozen Lucchese crime family members arrested|url=https://nypost.com/2017/05/31/nearly-two-dozen-lucchese-crime-family-members-arrested/|publisher=New York Post|date=May 31, 2017|access-date=June 4, 2017|archive-date=June 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604044246/http://nypost.com/2017/05/31/nearly-two-dozen-lucchese-crime-family-members-arrested/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Amuso's Orders 2017">{{cite news|last=Capeci|first=Jerry|title=Lucheses leadership changed hands in bloodless coup orchestrated from prison|url=https://nypost.com/2019/05/30/lucheses-leadership-changed-hands-in-bloodless-coup-orchestrated-from-prison/|date=May 30, 2019|newspaper=New York Post|access-date=June 2, 2019|archive-date=May 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531140919/https://nypost.com/2019/05/30/lucheses-leadership-changed-hands-in-bloodless-coup-orchestrated-from-prison/|url-status=live}}</ref>
**''Acting'' 2017–present: [[List of Lucchese crime family mobsters#Michael DeSantis|Michael "Big Mike" DeSantis]]<ref name="Amuso's Orders 2017"/>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book|author=Raab, Selwyn|title=Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires|location= New York|publisher= St. Martins Press|date= 2006}}
{{Navboxes
|list =
{{American Mafia}}{{Bonanno crime family}}{{Colombo crime family}}{{Gambino crime family}}{{Genovese crime family}}{{Lucchese crime family}}{{Organized crime groups in New York City}}{{Godfather}}
}}
[[Category:Five Families| ]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1931]]
[[Category:1931 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Organizations based in New York City]]
[[Category:Italian-American crime families]]
[[Category:Gangs in New York City]]
[[Category:Italian-American culture in New York City]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Five major New York City organized crime families of the Italian American Mafia}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{for|the factions within the British Conservative Party|Five Families (Conservative Party)}}
[[File:Salvatore Maranzano.jpg|thumb|A March 1921 photo of [[Salvatore Maranzano]], who organized and led the Five Families]]
The '''Five Families''' refer to five [[American Mafia| Italian American Mafia]] [[Crime family| crime families]] that operate in [[New York City]]. In 1931, the five families were [[Organized crime| organized]] by [[Salvatore Maranzano]] following his victory in the [[Castellammarese War]].
Maranzano reorganized the Italian American gangs in New York City into the Maranzano, Profaci, Mangano, Luciano, and Gagliano families, which are now known as the [[Bonanno crime family|Bonanno]], [[Colombo crime family|Colombo]], [[Gambino crime family|Gambino]], [[Genovese crime family|Genovese]], and [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese]] families. Each family had a demarcated territory and an organizationally structured hierarchy and reported to the same overarching governing entity. Initially, Maranzano intended each family's boss to report to him as the ''[[capo dei capi]]'' ("boss of all the bosses").
However, this led to his assassination that September, and that role was abolished for [[The Commission (mafia)|the Commission]], a ruling committee established by [[Lucky Luciano]] to oversee all Mafia activities in the United States and to mediate conflicts between families. It consisted of the bosses of the Five Families as well as the bosses of the [[Chicago Outfit]] and the [[Buffalo crime family]]. In 1963, [[Joseph Valachi]] publicly disclosed the existence of New York City's Five Families at the [[Valachi hearings]]. Since then, a few other crime families have been able to become powerful or notable enough to rise to a level comparable to that of the Five Families, holding or sharing the unofficial designation of [[Sixth Family]].
==History==
===Leading up to the Five Families===
{{Further|Castellammarese War}}
In the 1920s, [[American Mafia|Mafia]] operations in the U.S. were controlled by [[Joe Masseria|Giuseppe "Joe The Boss" Masseria]], whose faction consisted mainly of gangsters from [[Sicily]] and the [[Calabria]] and [[Campania]] regions of [[Southern Italy]]. Masseria's faction included [[Charlie Luciano|Charles "Lucky" Luciano]], [[Albert Anastasia|Albert "Mad Hatter" Anastasia]], [[Vito Genovese]], [[Alfred Mineo]], [[Willie Moretti]], [[Joe Adonis]], and [[Frank Costello]]. However, powerful Sicilian ''mafioso'' [[Don (honorific)|Don]] [[Vito Cascio Ferro]] decided to make a bid for control of Mafia operations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sifakis|first=Carl|title=The Mafia Encyclopedia|year=2005|publisher=Checkmark Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0816056958|page=[https://archive.org/details/mafiaencyclopedi00sifa_0/page/56 56]|url=https://archive.org/details/mafiaencyclopedi00sifa_0/page/56}}</ref>
From his base in [[Castellammare del Golfo]], he sent [[Salvatore Maranzano]] to seize control. The Castellammarese faction in the U.S. included [[Joseph Bonanno|Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno]], [[Stefano Magaddino|Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino]], [[Joseph Profaci]], and [[Joe Aiello]].<ref>Sifakis, (2005). pp. 56–57</ref> As it became more and more evident that the two factions would clash for leadership of the Mafia, they each sought to recruit more followers to support them.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Prohibition gangsters : the rise and fall of a bad generation|last=Marc.|first=Mappen|date=2013|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0813561158|location=New Brunswick, N.J.|oclc=852899302}}</ref>
The [[Castellammarese War]] was between the forces of Masseria and Maranzano.<ref>Critchley, (2008). p. 165</ref> Underneath, however, there was also a generational conflict between the old guard Sicilian leadership {{ndash}} known as the "[[Mustache Pete]]s" for their long mustaches and old-world ways, such as refusing to do business with non-Italians {{ndash}} and the "Young Turks", a younger and more diverse Italian group who were more forward-thinking and willing to work more with non-Italians. This approach led his followers to question whether Masseria was even capable of making the Mafia prosper in modern times. Led by Luciano, the aim of this group was to end the war as soon as possible in order to resume their businesses, because they viewed the conflict as unnecessary. Luciano's objective was to modernize the mob and do away with unnecessary orthodox norms.<ref>{{Cite book|title=American gangsters, then and now : an encyclopedia|last=Nate.|first=Hendley|date=2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0313354519|location=Santa Barbara, Calif.|oclc=727948429}}</ref> This was a vision that enabled him to attract followers, who had seen the inadequacies of Masseria's traditionalist leadership. Therefore, both factions were fluid, with many mobsters switching sides or killing their own allies during the war.<ref name="Five Families">{{cite book|last=Raab|first=Selwyn|title=Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires|year=2006|publisher=St. Martin's Griffin|isbn=978-0312361815|pages=[https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_s8f3/page/22 22–35]|url=https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_s8f3/page/22}}</ref><ref>Sifakis, (2005). p. 323</ref> Tensions between the Maranzano and Masseria factions were evident as far back as 1928, with one side frequently [[Truck hijacking|hijacking]] the other's alcohol trucks (alcohol production was then illegal in the United States due to [[Volstead Act|Prohibition]]).
In early 1931, Luciano made the decision to take out Masseria. The war had been going poorly for Masseria, and Luciano saw an opportunity to switch allegiance. In a secret deal with Maranzano, Luciano agreed to engineer Masseria's death in return for receiving Masseria's [[racket (crime)|racket]]s and becoming Maranzano's second-in-command.<ref name="five families book">{{cite book |title=The Five Families |date=May 13, 2014 |publisher=MacMillan |isbn=9781429907989 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC |access-date=June 22, 2008 |archive-date=April 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430222535/https://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Joe Adonis]] had joined the Masseria faction and when Masseria heard about Luciano's betrayal, he approached Adonis about killing Luciano. However, Adonis instead warned Luciano about the murder plot.<ref name=Reppetto>{{cite book|last=Reppetto|first=Thomas|title=American Mafia: a history of its rise to power|year=2004|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|location=New York|isbn=0-8050-7210-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/americanmafiahis00repp/page/137 137]|url=https://archive.org/details/americanmafiahis00repp|url-access=registration|quote=Joe Adonis.|edition=1st}}</ref> On April 15, 1931, Masseria was killed at Nuova Villa Tammaro, a [[Coney Island]] restaurant in [[Brooklyn]]. While they played cards, Luciano allegedly excused himself to the bathroom, with the gunmen reportedly being Anastasia, Genovese, Adonis, and [[Bugsy Siegel|Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel]];<ref>{{cite news|last=Pollak|first=Michael|title=Coney Island's Big Hit|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/nyregion/answer-to-a-question-about-a-mobsters-death-in-coney-island.html?_r=0|access-date=October 31, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 29, 2012|archive-date=November 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116023517/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/nyregion/answer-to-a-question-about-a-mobsters-death-in-coney-island.html?_r=0|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Ciro Terranova|Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova]] drove the getaway car, but legend has it that he was too shaken up to drive away and had to be shoved out of the driver's seat by Siegel.<ref>Sifakis, (2005). pp. 87–88</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Martin A. Gosch|author2=Richard Hammer|author3=Lucky Luciano|title=The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano|year=1975|publisher=Little, Brown|isbn=978-0-316-32140-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lasttestamentofl00gosc/page/130 130–132]|url=https://archive.org/details/lasttestamentofl00gosc/page/130}}</ref> With Maranzano's blessing, Luciano took over Masseria's gang and became Maranzano's lieutenant, ending the Castellammarese War.<ref name="five families book"/>
===The Five Families' formation===
With Masseria gone, Maranzano reorganized the Italian American gangs in New York City into the Five Families headed by Luciano, [[Joe Profaci|Profaci]], [[Tommy Gagliano|Gagliano]], [[Vincent Mangano|Mangano]], and himself. Maranzano called a meeting of crime bosses in [[Wappingers Falls, New York]],{{when|date=March 2024}} where he declared himself ''[[capo di tutti i capi]]'' ("boss of all bosses").<ref name="five families book"/> Maranzano also whittled down the rival families' rackets in favor of his own. Luciano appeared to accept these changes, but was merely biding his time before removing Maranzano.<ref name=MafEnc>Sifakis</ref> Although Maranzano was slightly more forward-thinking than Masseria, Luciano had come to believe that Maranzano was even greedier and more hidebound than Masseria had been.<ref name="five families book"/>
By September 1931, Maranzano realized Luciano was a threat, and hired [[Vincent Coll|Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll]], an Irish gangster, to kill him.<ref name="five families book"/> However, Lucchese alerted Luciano that he was marked for death.<ref name="five families book"/> On September 10, 1931, Maranzano ordered Luciano, Genovese, and Costello to come to his office at the [[Helmsley Building|230 Park Avenue]] in [[Manhattan]]. Convinced that Maranzano planned to murder them, Luciano decided to act first.<ref name=Cohen>{{cite book|last=Cohen|first=Rich|title=Tough Jews|year=1999|publisher=Vintage Books|location=New York|isbn=0-375-70547-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/toughjews00cohe/page/65 65]–66|url=https://archive.org/details/toughjews00cohe|url-access=registration|quote=Genovese maranzano.|edition=1st Vintage Books}}</ref> He sent four Jewish gangsters to Maranzano's office whose faces were unknown to Maranzano's people. They had been secured with the aid of [[Jewish-American organized crime|Jewish mobsters]] [[Meyer Lansky]] and [[Bugsy Siegel]].<ref name="Dec. 7, 1998">Buchanan, Edna (1998-12-07). "Lucky Luciano: Criminal Mastermind". ''Time'', December 7, 1998. Originally retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989779,00.html. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227034055/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989779,00.html |date=December 27, 2013 }}</ref> Disguised as government agents, two of the gangsters disarmed Maranzano's bodyguards. The other two, aided by Lucchese, who was there to point Maranzano out, stabbed the boss multiple times before shooting him.<ref name=Saga>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080911231857/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/2.html "Genovese family saga"]. ''Crime Library''.</ref><ref>"The Genovese Family," ''Crime Library'', [http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/2.html ''Crime Library''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214043547/http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/2.html |date=December 14, 2007 }}</ref> This assassination was the first of what would later be fabled as the "Night of the [[Sicilian Vespers]]".<ref name=Saga/>
===The Commission's formation===
After Maranzano's murder in 1931, Luciano called a meeting in [[Chicago]].<ref name=critchley232>Critchley, ''The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891-1931'', p. 232</ref><ref name="Capeci guide"/><ref>Humbert S. Nelli ''The business of crime: Italians and syndicate crime in the United States'' [https://archive.org/details/businessofcrimei00nell/page/207 <!-- quote=chicago conference 1931. --> (pp. 206–208)]</ref> Although there would have been few objections had Luciano declared himself ''capo di tutti i capi,'' he abolished the title, believing the position created trouble among the families and would make himself a target for another ambitious challenger.<ref name=capital>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivN7BAAAQBAJ&q=lucky+luciano+church+prison+the+Victoria%2C+the+ship+of+Ferdinand+Magella&pg=PA51|title=Capital of the World: A Portrait of New York City in the Roaring Twenties|author=David Wallace|year=2012|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9780762768196|access-date=November 11, 2020|archive-date=August 15, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815133322/https://books.google.com/books?id=ivN7BAAAQBAJ&q=lucky+luciano+church+prison+the+Victoria%2C+the+ship+of+Ferdinand+Magella&pg=PA51|url-status=live}}</ref> Luciano's goals with [[The Commission (American Mafia)|the Commission]] were to quietly maintain his own power over all the families, and to prevent future gang wars; the bosses approved the idea of the Commission.<ref name="Capeci guide">[[Jerry Capeci|Capeci, Jerry]]. ''The complete idiot's guide to the Mafia'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=GhfExAeLSBAC&q=commission&pg=PA43 "The Mafia's Commission" (pp. 31–46)]</ref> The Commission would consist of a "[[board of directors]]" to oversee all Mafia activities in the United States and serve to mediate conflicts between families.<ref name="Capeci guide"/><ref name=origins>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/nyregion/the-commission-s-origins.html|title=The Commission's Origins|date=1986|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 22, 2017|archive-date=April 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413102922/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/nyregion/the-commission-s-origins.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
The Commission consisted of seven family bosses: the leaders of New York's Five Families: [[Charlie Luciano|Charlie "Lucky" Luciano]], [[Vincent Mangano]], [[Tommy Gagliano]], [[Joseph Bonanno]], and [[Joe Profaci]]; [[Chicago Outfit]] boss [[Al Capone]]; and [[Buffalo crime family|Buffalo family]] boss [[Stefano Magaddino]].<ref name="Capeci guide"/><ref name=origins/> Charlie Luciano was appointed [[chairman]] of the Commission. The Commission agreed to hold meetings every five years or when they needed to discuss family problems.<ref name="Capeci guide"/>
===Decline of the Mafia===
The five Mafia families in New York City are still active, albeit less powerful. The peak of the Mafia in the United States was during the 1940s, and the 1950s, until the year 1970 when the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]] (RICO Act) was enacted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act {{!}} United States [1970] {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Racketeer-Influenced-and-Corrupt-Organizations-Act |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The specific reason for the RICO Act was to stop the mafia and [[organized crime]] as a whole. The act was effective, and led to a large portion of the members who were arrested turning into informants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mobsters who became informants {{!}} American Mafia History |url=https://mafiahistory.us/maf-info.html |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=mafiahistory.us}}</ref> This effect compounded over time.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003 |title=Ideas Shoot Bullets: How the RICO Act Became a Potent Weapon in the War Against Organized Crime |url=https://concept.journals.villanova.edu/index.php/concept/article/view/312 |journal=Concept |language=en |volume=26}}</ref> and they are gay
==Original and current Five Families bosses==
{{Further|Valachi hearings}}
In 1963, [[Joseph Valachi]] publicly disclosed the existence of New York City's Five Families at the [[Valachi hearings]]. According to Valachi, the original bosses of the Five Families were [[Charles Luciano]], [[Tommy Gagliano|Tommaso Gagliano]], [[Joseph Profaci]], [[Salvatore Maranzano]], and [[Vincent Mangano]]. At the time of his testimony in 1963, Valachi revealed that the current bosses of the Five Families were [[Tommy Lucchese]], [[Vito Genovese]], [[Joseph Colombo]], [[Carlo Gambino]], and [[Joseph Bonanno|Joe Bonanno]]. These have since been the names most commonly used to refer to the New York Five Families, despite years of overturn and changing bosses in each.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Two Mafias: a transatlantic history, 1888-2008|last=Lupo|first=Salvatore|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2015|isbn=978-1-137-49135-0|location=New York|pages=123}}</ref>
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Original family name
! Founded by
! Current family name
! Named after
! Current boss
! Acting boss
|-
| Maranzano
| [[Salvatore Maranzano]]
| [[Bonanno crime family|Bonanno]]
| [[Joe Bonanno]]
| [[Michael Mancuso|Michael "The Nose" Mancuso]]<ref name="Capeci">{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jerry-capeci/mob-murder-in-montreal-co_b_417688.html |title=Jerry Capeci: Mob Murder In Montreal Could Trigger Bloodshed In New York |work=Huffington Post |date=January 11, 2010 |access-date=April 13, 2011 |archive-date=December 30, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230103415/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jerry-capeci/mob-murder-in-montreal-co_b_417688.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|N/A
|-
| Profaci
| [[Joe Profaci]]
| [[Colombo crime family|Colombo]]
| [[Joseph Colombo]]
| N/A
| Robert "Little Robert" Donofrio
|-
| Mangano
| [[Vincent Mangano]]
| [[Gambino crime family|Gambino]]
| [[Carlo Gambino]]
| [[Domenico Cefalù]]
| [[Lorenzo Mannino]]
|-
| Luciano
| [[Lucky Luciano]]
| [[Genovese crime family|Genovese]]
| [[Vito Genovese]]
| [[Liborio Bellomo|Liborio Salvatore "Barney" Bellomo]]
|N/A
|-
| Gagliano
| [[Tommy Gagliano]]
| [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese]]
| [[Tommy Lucchese]]
| [[Victor Amuso]]
| [[List of Lucchese crime family mobsters#Michael DeSantis|Michael "Big Mike" DeSantis]]
|-
|}
==Territories==
The crime families historically operated throughout the [[New York metropolitan area]], but mainly within [[New York City]]. In the state of [[New York (state)|New York]], the gangs have increased their criminal [[Racket (crime)|rackets]] on [[Long Island]], including both [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]] and [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] counties, and the counties of [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester]], [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland]], and [[Albany County, New York|Albany]]. They also maintain a strong presence in the state of [[New Jersey]].<ref name="New Jersey Organized Crime Report">{{cite book|url=http://www.state.nj.us/sci/pdf/ocreport.pdf|title=The Changing Face of Organized Crime in New Jersey ''(A Status Report)''|date=May 2004|pages=105–114|access-date=August 10, 2010|archive-date=December 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219032552/http://www.state.nj.us/sci/pdf/ocreport.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The Five Families are also active in [[South Florida metropolitan area|South Florida]], [[Connecticut]], [[Las Vegas Valley|Las Vegas]], and [[Massachusetts]].
* The '''[[Bonanno crime family]]''' operates mainly in [[Boroughs of New York City|Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, and Long Island]]. The family also maintains influence in [[Manhattan]], [[The Bronx]], Westchester County, New Jersey, [[California]], [[Florida]], and [[Atlanta]], and have ties to the [[Rizzuto crime family]] in [[Quebec]].
** The Bath Avenue Crew operated in the [[Bensonhurst]] section of [[Brooklyn]], New York City
* The '''[[Colombo crime family]]''' operates mainly in Brooklyn, [[Queens]], and Long Island. The family also maintains influence in [[Staten Island]], Manhattan, The Bronx, New Jersey, [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and Florida.
* The '''[[Gambino crime family]]''' operates mainly in Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island. The family also maintains influence in The Bronx, New Jersey, Westchester County, [[Connecticut]], Florida, and [[Los Angeles]].
** The [[Ozone Park Boys]] operate in Queens and Long Island.
** The Staten Island Boys operate mainly in Staten Island under few other sub-groups.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Durkin |first=Erin |date=15 Mar 2019 |title='They don't bother nobody': the quiet presence of New York's mafia |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/15/franky-boy-cali-new-york-mob-mafia-shooting-staten-island }}</ref>
*** The Annadale-Rossville Boys
*** Great Kills Crew
*** North Staten Island Crew
* The '''[[Genovese crime family]]''' operates mainly in Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, and New Jersey. The family also maintains influence in Queens, Staten Island, Long Island, Westchester County, Rockland County, Connecticut, [[Massachusetts]], and Florida.
** [[116th Street Crew]] operates in Upper Manhattan and The Bronx.
** [[Greenwich Village Crew]] operates in Greenwich Village in [[Lower Manhattan]].
** [[Genovese crime family New Jersey faction]] operates throughout New Jersey.<ref name="New Jersey Organized Crime Report" />
* The '''[[Lucchese crime family]]''' operates mainly in The Bronx, Manhattan, Brooklyn, and New Jersey. The family also maintains influence in Queens, Long Island, Staten Island, Westchester County, and Florida.
** [[The Vario Crew|Cutaia Crew]] operates in Brooklyn, Queens, and Long Island.
** [[Lucchese crime family New Jersey faction]] operates throughout New Jersey.
** [[The Tanglewood Boys]] was a "recruitment gang" that operated in Westchester County, The Bronx, and Manhattan.
==Mafia boss succession==
===Bonanno family===
{{Main|Bonanno crime family}}
[[File:Joseph Bonanno.jpg|thumb|Mugshot of [[Joseph Bonanno|Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno]], boss of the [[Bonanno crime family]] from 1931 to 1968]]
*1909–1912 – [[Sebastiano DiGaetano]]
*1912–1930 – [[Nicolo Schiro|Nicolo Schirò]] – fled
*1930–1931 – [[Salvatore Maranzano]] – murdered on September 10, 1931<ref name="Raab">Raab, Selwyn. ''The Five Families: The Rise, Decline & Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empire''. New York: St. Martins Press, 2005.</ref>
*1931–1968 – [[Joseph Bonanno|Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno]] – on October 21, 1964, Bonanno disappeared; forcibly replaced as boss by the commission;<ref name="Sifakis p.28-29">The Mafia Encyclopedia By Carl Sifakis [https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&dq=Paul+Sciacca&pg=PA29 pg.28–29]</ref> crime family split into two factions; in May 1966, Bonanno reappeared after two years; officially retires after a heart attack in 1968
**''Disputed'' 1964–1966 – [[Gaspar DiGregorio|Gaspar "Gasparino" DiGregorio]] – installed when Bonanno disappeared and later forcibly replaced by the Commission<ref name="Sifakis p.28-29" />
**''Acting'' 1966–1968 – [[Paul Sciacca]]<ref name="Mafia Easy pg.173">The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra by Peter J. Devico [https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=Evola (pg. 173)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=Evola&f=false |date=January 15, 2017 }}</ref> – for the DiGregorio faction
*1968–1971 – [[Paul Sciacca]] – imprisoned
*1971–1973 – [[Natale Evola|Natale "Joe Diamonds" Evola]]<ref name="Mafia Easy pg.173" /> – died on August 28, 1973<ref name="evola dead">{{cite news|last=Gage|first=Nicholas|title=Natale Evola, Mafia Figure, Is Dead at 66|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1973/08/31/90473202.pdf|access-date=March 17, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 31, 1973}}</ref>
*1973–1991 – [[Philip Rastelli|Phillip "Rusty" Rastelli]]<ref name="Mafia Easy pg.173" /> – imprisoned 1975–1984 and 1986–1991<ref name="Trutv" />
**''Acting (unofficial)''<ref>Raab, pp. 203–205</ref> 1974–1979 – [[Carmine Galante|Carmine "Cigar" Galante]]<ref name="Mafia Easy pg.173" /> – murdered on July 12, 1979<ref name=Trutv>{{cite web|last=Bruno|first=Anthony|title=The Bonanno Family: "What's There to Say?"|url=http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/bonanno/1.html|work=TruTV Crime Library|access-date=April 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514134416/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/bonanno/1.html|archive-date=May 14, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**''Acting'' 1979–1983 – Salvatore "Sally Fruits" Farrugia – appointed by the Commission<ref>Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia By Joseph D. Pistone [https://books.google.com/books?id=BcPAL4rXbcgC&dq=Salvatore+%22Sally+Fruits%22+Farrugia&pg=PT264 read] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708141602/http://books.google.com/books?id=BcPAL4rXbcgC&pg=PT264&dq=Salvatore+%22Sally+Fruits%22+Farrugia&hl=en&ei=ALVFToh5g-mBB-7YvcYG&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Salvatore%20%22Sally%20Fruits%22%20Farrugia&f=false |date=July 8, 2014 }}</ref>
**''Acting'' 1987–1991 – [[Anthony Spero|Anthony "Old Man" Spero]]<ref name="Mafia Easy pg.173" /> – sentenced to life imprisonment in 2002, died in 2008
*1991–2004 – [[Joseph Massino|Joseph "Big Joey" Massino]] – imprisoned January 2003, became government informant in October 2004
**''Acting'' 1991–1993 – Anthony "Old Man" Spero
**''Acting'' 2003–2004 – Anthony "Tony Green" Urso – imprisoned January 2004
*2004–2011 – [[Vincent Basciano|Vincent "Vinny Gorgeous" Basciano]] – imprisoned November 2004, in July 2007 received a life sentence
**''Acting'' 2004–2006 – [[Michael Mancuso|Michael "the Nose" Mancuso]] – imprisoned February 2006
**''Acting'' 2006–2009 – [[Salvatore Montagna|Salvatore "Sal the Iron Worker" Montagna]] – deported to Canada in April 2009,<ref name="canadian">[http://mafiatoday.com/bonanno-family/canadian-officials-aware-of-imminent-return-to-montreal-of-alleged-mafia-boss/ "Canadian officials aware of imminent return to Montreal of alleged Mafia boss"] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130128064305/http://mafiatoday.com/bonanno-family/canadian-officials-aware-of-imminent-return-to-montreal-of-alleged-mafia-boss/ |date=January 28, 2013 }} Mafia Today April 20, 2009</ref> shot and killed in November 2011
**''Acting'' 2010–2012 – [[Vincent Badalamenti|Vincent "Vinny T.V." Badalamenti]] – imprisoned in January 2012<ref name="VTV pinch">{{cite news|last=Marzulli|first=John|title=Feds bust 5 mob suspects, including alleged Bonanno boss Vincent (Vinny TV) Badalamenti|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/feds-bust-5-mob-suspects-including-alleged-bonanno-boss-vincent-vinny-tv-badalamenti-article-1.1012873|access-date=January 27, 2012|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=January 27, 2012|archive-date=January 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130035019/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/feds-bust-5-mob-suspects-including-alleged-bonanno-boss-vincent-vinny-tv-badalamenti-article-1.1012873|url-status=live}}</ref>
*2013–present – [[Michael Mancuso|Michael "the Nose" Mancuso]]<ref name="Mancuso June 2013">{{cite news|last=Marzulli|first=John|title=Bonanno crime family sniffs out Michael 'The Nose' Mancuso as new boss: sources|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/bonanno-family-names-nose-new-boss-article-1.1380609|work=New York Daily News|date=June 24, 2013|access-date=June 24, 2013|archive-date=June 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627063804/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/bonanno-family-names-nose-new-boss-article-1.1380609|url-status=live}}</ref> – released from prison March 12, 2019
**''Acting'' 2013–2014 – Thomas "Tommy D" DiFiore<ref>{{cite news|last=Capeci|first=Jerry|title=New Bonanno Boss Speaks Softly; Hides in the Bushes|url=http://www.ganglandnews.com/index.html|publisher=Gang Land News|date=June 13, 2013|access-date=June 15, 2013|archive-date=June 3, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603091506/http://www.ganglandnews.com/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> – arrested on January 23, 2014
**''Acting'' 2014–2015 – John "Johnny Skyway" Palazzolo – arrested on March 27, 2015, for violating parole<ref>{{cite news|last=Yaniv|first=Oren|title=Bonanno crime family street boss locked up after feds catch him meeting with other mobsters – violating his parole|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/mobster-locked-meeting-mobsters-violating-parole-article-1.2165308|work=New York Daily News|date=March 28, 2015|access-date=May 5, 2015|archive-date=March 31, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150331015118/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/mobster-locked-meeting-mobsters-violating-parole-article-1.2165308|url-status=live}}</ref>
**''Acting'' 2015–2019 – Joseph "Joe C" Cammarano Jr.<ref name="Cammarano Jr">{{cite news|last=Marzulli|first=John|title=EXCLUSIVE: Mob boss rebuilding what's left of Bonanno crime family|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943|work=New York Daily News|date=January 18, 2016|access-date=January 22, 2016|archive-date=January 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120195408/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943|url-status=live}}</ref> – indicted on racketeering and extortion charges on January 12, 2018, acquitted March 13, 2019<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943|title=EXCLUSIVE: Mob boss rebuilding what's left of Bonanno crime family – NY Daily News|first=John|last=Marzulli|website=New York Daily News|date=January 18, 2016 |access-date=January 15, 2020|archive-date=October 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029211527/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152|title=Acting Bonanno mob boss, high-ranking family leaders busted in racketeering takedown – NY Daily News|first=VICTORIA BEKIEMPIS, Larry|last=McShane|website=New York Daily News|date=January 12, 2018 |access-date=January 15, 2020|archive-date=August 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806134008/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Cammarano Jr busted 2018">{{cite news|last=Bekiempis|first=Victoria|author2=McShane, Larry|title=Acting Bonanno mob boss, high-ranking family leaders busted in racketeering takedown|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152|access-date=January 14, 2018|agency=NY Daily News|date=January 12, 2018|archive-date=January 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001542/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=acquit>[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/13/briefing/frank-cali-gambino-shot.html Francesco Cali, Reputed Gambino Crime Boss, Shot and Killed on Staten Island] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317004801/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/13/briefing/frank-cali-gambino-shot.html |date=March 17, 2019 }}, ''The New York Times'', March 13, 2019</ref>
===Colombo family===
{{Main|Colombo crime family}}
[[File:Josephcolombo.jpg|thumb|The March 6, 1970 mug shot of [[Joseph Colombo]], boss of the [[Colombo crime family]]]]
* 1928–1962 – [[Joe Profaci|Joseph Profaci]]<ref name="DeVico pg. 174">DeVico, Peter J. ''The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=profaci (pg. 174)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=profaci&f=false |date=January 15, 2017 }} [[Tate Publishing & Enterprises|Tate Publishing]], 2007. {{ISBN|1-60247-254-8}}</ref> – died of natural causes
* 1962–1963 – [[Joseph Magliocco]]<ref name="DeVico pg. 174" /> – forced to retire by Mafia Commission
* 1963–1973 – [[Joseph Colombo]]<ref name="DeVico pg. 174" /> – paralyzed by assassination attempt
**''Acting'' 1971–1972 – Joseph Yacovelli<ref name="DeVico pg. 174" /><ref name="Machi">Machi, Mario [http://www.americanmafia.com/Cities/New_York.html American Mafia.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212122211/http://www.americanmafia.com/Cities/New_York.html |date=December 12, 2010 }} ''New York''</ref> – fled, after the murder of Joe Gallo
**''Acting'' 1972–1973 – [[Vincenzo Aloi|Vincenzo "Vincent" Aloi]]<ref name="NJ Report 1989">MafiaNJ.com ''La Cosa Nostra State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation 1989 Report.'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=ay26SKSQBgQC&dq=Vincent+Aloi%2C+Thomas+DiBella%2C+and+Joseph+Brancato&pg=PA17 pg.17] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131132/https://books.google.com/books?id=ay26SKSQBgQC&pg=PA17&dq=Vincent+Aloi,+Thomas+DiBella,+and+Joseph+Brancato&hl=en&ei=qxE6TbvzB4nKgQeBoNXbCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Vincent%20Aloi%2C%20Thomas%20DiBella%2C%20and%20Joseph%20Brancato&f=false |date=January 15, 2017 }}</ref> – imprisoned
**''Acting'' 1973 – Joseph "Joey" Brancato<ref name="DeVico pg. 174" /><ref name="NJ Report 1989" /> – imprisoned<ref name="Machi" />
* 1973–2019 – [[Carmine Persico|Carmine "Junior" Persico]]<ref name="DeVico pg. 174"/> – imprisoned 1973–1979,<ref name=persico1>Staff (January 6, 1981) [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/06/nyregion/the-city-persico-trial-put-off-on-bribery-charges.html?sq=The+City%3B+Persico+Trial+Put+Off+On+Bribery+Charges&scp=1&st=cse "The City; Persico Trial Put Off On Bribery Charges"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051743/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/06/nyregion/the-city-persico-trial-put-off-on-bribery-charges.html?sq=The+City%3B+Persico+Trial+Put+Off+On+Bribery+Charges&scp=1&st=cse |date=July 29, 2018 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> 1981–1984,<ref name=persico2>Fried, Joseph P. (November 10, 1981) [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/nyregion/persico-rank-rankles-as-he-is-given-5-years.html?scp=5&sq=Carmine%20%20Persico%20five%20years&st=cse "Persico Rank Rankles as he is Given 5 Years"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051630/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/nyregion/persico-rank-rankles-as-he-is-given-5-years.html?scp=5&sq=Carmine%20%20Persico%20five%20years&st=cse |date=July 29, 2018 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> 1985–2019,<ref name="Maas pg 191">Maas, Peter (1997) ''[[Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia]]'' HarperCollins. pp.191-92 {{ISBN|0060182563}}</ref> died on March 7, 2019<ref name="Persico death">{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Legendary-New-York-Mob-Boss-Carmine-Persico-Dead-at-Age-85-506873551.html|title=Legendary New York Mob Boss Carmine Persico, Head of Colombo Family, Dead at Age 85|publisher=nbcnewyork.com|date=March 7, 2019|access-date=March 8, 2019|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330044320/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Legendary-New-York-Mob-Boss-Carmine-Persico-Dead-at-Age-85-506873551.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
**''Acting'' 1973–1979 – [[Thomas DiBella]]<ref name="NJ Report 1989" /> – stepped down, became consigliere
**''Acting'' 1981–1983 – Alphonse "Allie Boy" Persico – Carmine Persico's brother; fugitive 1980–1987, imprisoned<ref name="Alphonse Persico dead">Staff (September 13, 1989) [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/13/obituaries/alphonse-persico-61-is-dead-leader-of-colombo-crime-family.html?scp=1&sq=Alphonse%20Persico&st=cse "Alphonse Persico, 61, Is Dead; Leader of Colombo Crime Family"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051810/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/13/obituaries/alphonse-persico-61-is-dead-leader-of-colombo-crime-family.html?scp=1&sq=Alphonse%20Persico&st=cse |date=July 29, 2018 }}. ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref><ref>Buder, Leonard (December 19, 1987) [https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/19/nyregion/colombo-figure-given-25-years-on-80-charges.html?sq=Colombo+Figure+Given+25+Years+On+%2780+Charges&scp=1&st=cse "Colombo Figure Given 25 Years On '80 Charges"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051916/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/19/nyregion/colombo-figure-given-25-years-on-80-charges.html?sq=Colombo+Figure+Given+25+Years+On+%2780+Charges&scp=1&st=cse |date=July 29, 2018 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref>
**''Acting'' 1983–1984 – [[Gennaro Langella|Gennaro "Jerry Lang" Langella]] – imprisoned<ref name="Maas pg 191" />
**''Acting'' 1985–1987 – Anthony "Scappy" Scarpati<ref>Maas, Peter (1997) ''[[Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia]]''. HarperCollins. p.155 {{ISBN|0060182563}}</ref> – imprisoned
**''Acting'' 1987–1991 – [[Victor Orena|Vittorio "Vic" Orena]]<ref>Raab (2006), pp.332-33</ref> – imprisoned sentenced to life<ref>Raab, Selwyn (December 10, 1991) [https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/10/nyregion/even-to-the-5-families-the-fighting-colombos-have-been-black-sheep.html?scp=2&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse "Even to the 5 Families, the Fighting Colombos Have Been Black Sheep"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131600/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/10/nyregion/even-to-the-5-families-the-fighting-colombos-have-been-black-sheep.html?scp=2&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse |date=January 15, 2017 }} ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref>
**''Acting'' 1991–1993 – ''Vacant'' – disputed leadership during the third war
**''Acting'' 1994–1996 – Andrew "Andy Mush" Russo<ref name="Capeci pg.386">Capeci (2001), pp.386-88</ref><ref name="jury tampering">{{cite news|last=Capeci|first=Jerry|title=MOB BOSS RIPS JURY-TAMPERING SENTENCE|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/mob-boss-rips-jury-tampering-sentence-article-1.853234|access-date=April 19, 2012|newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]|date=August 5, 1999|archive-date=May 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515052158/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/mob-boss-rips-jury-tampering-sentence-article-1.853234|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Russo 2006">[http://protect.theinfo.org/pacer/ecf.nysd/12711212514.pdf United States District Judge John F. Keenan Case 1:97-cv-08591-JFK] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319211238/http://protect.theinfo.org/pacer/ecf.nysd/12711212514.pdf |date=March 19, 2012 }} (May 22, 2006)</ref> – imprisoned March 1997<ref name="Russo 2006"/>
**''Acting'' 1996–2019 – [[Alphonse Persico|Alphonse "Little Allie Boy" Persico]]<ref name="Capeci pg.386" /> – Carmine Persico's son; imprisoned sentenced to life 2009<ref name="end control">{{cite news|last=Marzulli|first=John|title=Alphonse Persico life sentence may end control of Colombo crime family|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/alphonse-persico-life-sentence-control-colombo-crime-family-article-1.370944|access-date=April 19, 2012|newspaper=[[New York Daily News]]|date=March 1, 2009|archive-date=May 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515045021/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/alphonse-persico-life-sentence-control-colombo-crime-family-article-1.370944|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Mafia News Today">{{cite web|url=http://mafianewstoday.com/updated-colombo-family-leadership-being-revealed|title=Updated Colombo Family Leadership being revealed?|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923185208/http://mafianewstoday.com/updated-colombo-family-leadership-being-revealed|archive-date=September 23, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Persico life 2009">[https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo02709.htm Colombo Organized Crime Family Acting Boss Alphonse T. Persico and Administration Member John J. Deross Sentenced to Life Imprisonment for the Murder of William "Wild Bill" Cutolo and Related Witness Tampering] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321170527/https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo02709.htm/ |date=March 21, 2016 }} (February 27, 2009)</ref>
* 2019–2022 – Andrew "Andy Mush" Russo – indicted on September 14, 2021.<ref name="Russo indictment 09-12-2021">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-14|title=14 Defendants Indicted, Including the Entire Administration of the Colombo Organized Crime Family|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/14-defendants-indicted-including-entire-administration-colombo-organized-crime-family|access-date=2021-09-16|website=www.justice.gov|language=en}}</ref> Died on April 18, 2022.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=McShane |first=Noah Goldberg, Larry |title=Colombo family boss Andrew 'Mush' Russo dies at age 87 while awaiting federal racketeering case |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-mob-boss-death-colombo-andrew-mush-russo-20220420-ux4bwytflzh2pdtavbqmtcbohe-story.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220420200531/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-mob-boss-death-colombo-andrew-mush-russo-20220420-ux4bwytflzh2pdtavbqmtcbohe-story.html |archive-date=2022-04-20 |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=New York Daily News|date=April 20, 2022 }}</ref><ref name="Andrew Russo died">{{cite news |last1=Lawson |first1=Kyle |title=Colombo don Andrew 'Mush' Russo dies at 87 while facing federal charges: Source |url=https://www.silive.com/crime-safety/2022/04/colombo-family-boss-andrew-mush-russo-dies-at-87-while-facing-federal-charges-source.html |access-date=24 April 2022 |agency=News Paper |publisher=Staten Island Live |date=21 April 2022}}</ref>
===Gambino family===
{{Main|Gambino crime family}}
[[File:John Gotti.jpg|thumb|The 1990 mug shot of [[John Gotti]], boss of the [[Gambino crime family]] from 1985 to 2002]]
* 1900s–1910 – [[Ignazio Lupo|Ignazio "the Wolf" Lupo]] – imprisoned in 1910.<ref name=sifakis>{{cite book |last=Sifakis |first=Carl |title=The Mafia Encyclopedia |year=2005 |publisher=Facts on File |location=New York |isbn=978-0-8160-5694-1 |pages=281–282 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&q=lupo+the+wolf+black+hand&pg=PA282 |access-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034216/https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&q=lupo+the+wolf+black+hand&pg=PA282 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 1910–1928 – [[Salvatore D'Aquila|Salvatore "Toto" D'Aquila]] – took over the Brooklyn Camorra in 1916 and merged with Al Mineo's gang forming the largest family in New York. He was killed on orders of boss [[Joe Masseria]] in 1928.{{refn|<ref>''The complete idiot's guide to the Mafia'' by Jerry Capeci [https://books.google.com/books?id=o64XJkmUPr0C&q=Daquila (read)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127001810/https://books.google.com/books?id=o64XJkmUPr0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=complete+idiot's+guide+mafia&hl=en&ei=igEBTvSxNcnEgQeu-NDGDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Daquila&f=false |date=January 27, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dash |first=Mike |title=The first family: terror, extortion, revenge, murder, and the birth of the American Mafia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5RFlhpP2GxcC&q=Salvatore++D%27Aquila&pg=PP23 |page=24 |isbn=9781588368638 |date=August 4, 2009 |publisher=Random House Publishing |access-date=October 25, 2020 |archive-date=January 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034236/https://books.google.com/books?id=5RFlhpP2GxcC&q=Salvatore++D%27Aquila&pg=PP23 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>''Crime: Computer Viruses to Twin Towers'' by H. Thomas Milhorn [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ipvh76CryVoC&dq=salvatore+d%27aquila&pg=PA218 (pg.218)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124181814/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ipvh76CryVoC&pg=PA218&dq=salvatore+d'aquila&hl=en&ei=wQEBTuztAYLTgQfTuIjZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=salvatore%20d'aquila&f=false |date=January 24, 2017 }}</ref>}}
* 1928–1930 – [[Manfredi Mineo|Manfredi "Alfred" Mineo]] – killed in [[Castellammarese War]] in 1930.
* 1930–1931 – [[Frank Scalice]] – demoted after murder of boss of all bosses [[Salvatore Maranzano]].
* 1931–1951 – [[Vincent Mangano]] – disappeared in April 1951, allegedly killed on orders of underboss Albert Anastasia.
* 1951–1957 – [[Albert Anastasia]] – murdered in October 1957 on orders of Carlo Gambino.
* 1957–1976 – [[Carlo Gambino]] – died of natural causes in 1976.
** ''Acting'' 1964–1976 – Paul Castellano – acting boss for Gambino, became official boss after his death.
* 1976–1985 – [[Paul Castellano]] – murdered in December 1985 on orders of capo John Gotti.
* 1985–2002 – [[John Gotti]] – imprisoned in 1990, died in 2002.
** ''Acting'' 1993–1999 – [[John A. Gotti]] – imprisoned in 1999, later retired.
** ''Acting'' 1999–2002 – Peter Gotti – promoted to official boss.
* 2002–2011 – [[Peter Gotti]] – imprisoned in 2002, died in 2021.
** ''Acting'' 2002–2005 – [[Arnold Squitieri]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ganglandnews.com/members/column375.htm|title=Gang Land News: America's Expert on the American Mafia (paid subscription site)|last=Capeci|first=Jerry|date=25 March 2004|website=www.ganglandnews.com|access-date=2018-10-28|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034220/https://www.ganglandnews.com/ppSD2/login.php?ssg=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganglandnews.com%2Fmembers%2Fcolumn375.htm%3F|url-status=live}}</ref>
** ''Acting'' 2005–2008 – [[Jackie D'Amico|John D'Amico]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ganglandnews.com/members/column463.htm|title=Gang Land News: America's Expert on the American Mafia (paid subscription site)|last=Capeci|first=Jerry|date=15 December 2005|website=www.ganglandnews.com|access-date=2018-10-28|archive-date=January 27, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034239/https://www.ganglandnews.com/ppSD2/login.php?ssg=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganglandnews.com%2Fmembers%2Fcolumn463.htm%3F|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2011–present – [[Domenico Cefalù|Domenico "Italian Dom" Cefalù]]
**''Acting'' 2015–2019 – [[Frank Cali]] – [[murder]]ed in March 2019.<ref name=nydn210815>[http://m.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/staten-island-mobster-takes-gambino-leadership-report-article-1.2332886 Staten Island mobster takes Gambino leadership: report] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220101838/http://m.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/staten-island-mobster-takes-gambino-leadership-report-article-1.2332886 |date=December 20, 2015 }}, New York Daily News, August 21, 2015</ref>
** ''Front boss'' 2019–present – [[Lorenzo Mannino]]<ref name=lore>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usworldherald.com/gambino-crime-family-new-boss/|title=Gambino crime family has a new boss|date=2019-05-12|website=The US World Herald|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-08|archive-date=December 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206222348/https://www.usworldherald.com/gambino-crime-family-new-boss/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Genovese family===
{{Main|Genovese crime family}}
[[File:Liborio Bellomo.jpg|thumb|A 1996 mug shot of [[Liborio Bellomo]], believed to be the current boss of the [[Genovese crime family]]]]
* 1890s–1909 – [[Giuseppe Morello|Giuseppe "the Clutch Hand" Morello]] – imprisoned
* 1910–1916 – [[Nicholas Morello|Nicholas "Nick Morello" Terranova]] – murdered on September 7, 1916
* 1916–1920 – [[Vincenzo Terranova|Vincenzo "Vincent" Terranova]] – stepped down becoming underboss
* 1920–1922 – [[Giuseppe Morello|Giuseppe "the Clutch Hand" Morello]] – stepped down becoming underboss to Masseria
* 1922–1931 – [[Giuseppe Masseria|Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria]] – murdered on April 15, 1931
* 1931–1946 – [[Lucky Luciano|Charles "Lucky" Luciano]] – imprisoned in 1936, deported to Italy in 1946
** ''Acting'' 1936–1937 – [[Vito Genovese]] – fled to Italy in 1937 to avoid murder charge
** ''Acting'' 1937–1946 – [[Frank Costello|Frank "the Prime Minister" Costello]] – became official boss after Luciano's deportation
* 1946–1957 – [[Frank Costello|Frank "the Prime Minister" Costello]] – resigned in 1957 after [[Vito Genovese|Genovese]] [[Vincent Gigante|-Gigante]] assassination attempt<ref>{{cite web|title=The Strange Saga of the 'Odd Father,' the Mob Boss Who Faked Mental Illness|url=https://www.vice.com/sv/article/5gqpzk/the-strange-saga-of-the-odd-father-the-mob-boss-who-faked-mental-illness|website=Vice|date=May 17, 2016 |access-date=April 20, 2018|archive-date=April 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421031548/https://www.vice.com/sv/article/5gqpzk/the-strange-saga-of-the-odd-father-the-mob-boss-who-faked-mental-illness|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mob justice: A year of violence in gangland|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mob-justice-year-violence-gangland-article-1.814414|access-date=April 20, 2018|agency=New York Daily News|publisher=Jay Maeder|date=August 14, 2017|archive-date=April 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180421030947/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mob-justice-year-violence-gangland-article-1.814414|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1957–1969 – [[Vito Genovese|Vito "Don Vito" Genovese]] – imprisoned in 1959, died in prison in 1969
** ''Acting'' 1959–1962 – [[Anthony "Tony Bender" Strollo]] – disappeared in 1962
** ''Acting'' 1962–1965 – [[Thomas Eboli|Thomas "Tommy Ryan" Eboli]] – became front boss
** ''Acting'' 1965–1969 – [[Philip Lombardo|Philip "Benny Squint" Lombardo]] – became the official boss
* 1969–1981 – [[Philip Lombardo|Philip "Benny Squint" Lombardo]] – retired in 1981, died of natural causes in 1987
* 1981–2005 – [[Vincent Gigante|Vincent "Chin" Gigante]] – imprisoned in 1997, died in prison on December 19, 2005<ref>{{cite news |last=Raab |first=Selwyn |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/03/nyregion/with-gotti-away-the-genoveses-succeed-the-leaderless-gambinos.html?scp=6&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse |title=With Gotti Away, the Genoveses Succeed the Leaderless Gambinos |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 3, 1995 |access-date=March 12, 2010 |archive-date=May 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522160034/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/03/nyregion/with-gotti-away-the-genoveses-succeed-the-leaderless-gambinos.html?scp=6&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse |url-status=live }}</ref>
** ''Acting'' 1989–1996 – [[Liborio Bellomo|Liborio "Barney" Bellomo]] – promoted to street boss
** ''Acting'' 1997–1998 – [[Dominick Cirillo|Dominick "Quiet Dom" Cirillo]] – suffered heart attack and resigned
** ''Acting'' 1998–2005 – [[Matthew Ianniello|Matthew "Matty the Horse" Ianniello]] – resigned when indicted in July 2005
**''Acting'' 2005–2008 – [[Daniel Leo (mobster)|Daniel "Danny the Lion" Leo]]<ref>"[http://news.scotsman.com/organisedcrime/Charges-against-mob-boss-show.3290872.jp Charges against mob boss show Mafia alive and well in New York]", June 1, 2007</ref> – imprisoned 2008–2013
* 2010–present – [[Liborio Bellomo|Liborio "Barney" Bellomo]]
===Lucchese family===
{{Main|Lucchese crime family}}
[[File:Tommy Lucchese 1958 by the Associated Press.jpg|thumb|[[Tommy Lucchese]], boss of the [[Lucchese crime family]] from 1951 to 1967]]
*1922–1930: [[Gaetano Reina|Gaetano "Tommy" Reina]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175">DeVico, Peter J. ''The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra.'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=Gagliano (pg. 175)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gagliano&f=false |date=January 15, 2017 }} [[Tate Publishing & Enterprises|Tate Publishing]], 2007. {{ISBN|1-60247-254-8}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|date=January 2020}} murdered on February 26, 1930
*1930: [[Joseph Pinzolo|Bonaventura "Joseph" Pinzolo]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> murdered on September 5, 1930
*1930–1951: [[Tommy Gagliano|Tommaso "Tommy" Gagliano]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> retired in 1951, died on February 16, 1953
*1951–1967: [[Tommy Lucchese|Gaetano "Tommy Brown" Lucchese]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> died on July 13, 1967<ref>[http://www.onewal.com/a010/f_tommylucchese.html "White-Collar Mafioso: Tommy Lucchese (1899–1967)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115183807/http://www.onewal.com/a010/f_tommylucchese.html |date=January 15, 2020 }} By Thomas Hunt Onewal.com</ref><ref>[http://www.biography.com/articles/Tommy-Lucchese-328760 "Tommy Lucchese Biography"] Bio website</ref><ref name="Harrell">Harrell, G.T. ''For Members Only: The Story of the Mob's Secret Judge.'' Arthur House Publishing, 2009 (pg 99-101)</ref>
**''Acting'' 1966–1967: [[Carmine Tramunti]]: stepped down
**''Acting'' 1967: [[Ettore Coco|Ettore "Eddie" Coco]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> stepped down
*1967–1973: [[Carmine Tramunti|Carmine "Mr. Gribbs" Tramunti]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> imprisoned in October 1973
*1973–1986: [[Anthony Corallo|Anthony "Tony Ducks" Corallo]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> indicted on February 15, 1985, convicted on November 19, 1986, in the [[Mafia Commission Trial]] and sentenced on January 13, 1987 to 100 years in prison.
*1986–present: [[Victor Amuso|Vittorio "Vic" Amuso]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /><ref name="Gaspipe pg.296">Philip Carlo. ''Gaspipe: Confessions of a Mafia Boss'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&dq=Vic+Amuso+made+boss&pg=PA296 (pg.296)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201131700/https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&pg=PA296&dq=Vic+Amuso+made+boss&hl=en&ei=JogrTbaoMYT6lwfl75S3AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Vic%20Amuso%20made%20boss&f=false |date=February 1, 2017 }}</ref> arrested in 1991, received a [[life imprisonment|life sentence]] in January 1993<ref name="Gaspipe p.246">Carlo, Philip ''Gaspipe: Confessions of a Mafia Boss'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&q=Amuso+life+sentence&pg=PA224 p. 246] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170316031536/https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&pg=PA224&dq=Windows+case+1991+Amuso&hl=en&ei=ihllTuGEPMXE0AHTrICrCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Amuso%20life%20sentence&f=false |date=March 16, 2017 }}</ref>
**''Acting'' 1990–1991: [[Alphonse D'Arco|Alphonse "Little Al" D'Arco]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> demoted, became a member of a ''ruling panel''<ref name="D'Arco Declaration">[http://www.laborers.org/DARCO.html "Declaration of Alphonse D'Arco] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115183816/http://www.laborers.org/DARCO.html |date=January 15, 2020 }} by Allan N. Taffet</ref>
**''Acting'' 1995–1998: [[Joseph DeFede|Joseph "Little Joe" DeFede]]:<ref>{{cite news|last=Gearty|first=Robert|title=Luchese Ex-Boss Singing for Feds|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/luchese-ex-boss-singing-feds-article-1.496269|access-date=April 13, 2012|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=October 23, 2002|archive-date=February 1, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201220652/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/luchese-ex-boss-singing-feds-article-1.496269|url-status=live}}</ref> imprisoned in 1998
**''Acting'' 1998–2000: [[Steven Crea|Steven "Wonderboy" Crea]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> imprisoned on September 6, 2000<ref name="construction">[http://www.ipsn.org/ny_%20indictments_press_release.htm "Construction Indictments"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308050328/http://www.ipsn.org/ny_%20indictments_press_release.htm |date=March 8, 2020 }} District Attorney New York County Press release September 6, 2000</ref>
**''Acting'' 2000–2003: [[Louis Daidone|Louis "Louie Bagels" Daidone]]:<ref name="DeVico pg. 175" /> imprisoned March 2003, received life sentence in January 2004
**''Acting'' 2009–2017: [[Matthew Madonna|Matthew "Matt" Madonna]]: indicted 2007 and 2009; imprisoned 2015–present; indicted 2017<ref name="Indictment 2017">{{cite news|last=United States Attorney’s Office Southern District of New York|title=Alleged Street Boss And Underboss Of La Cosa Nostra Family Charged With Murder And Racketering Offenses In White Plains Federal Court|url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/alleged-street-boss-and-underboss-la-cosa-nostra-family-charged-murder-and-racketering|date=May 31, 2017|access-date=June 4, 2017|archive-date=July 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705210137/https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/alleged-street-boss-and-underboss-la-cosa-nostra-family-charged-murder-and-racketering|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Daily News 2017">{{cite news|last=Jacobs|first=Shayna|title=Luchese bosses among 15 cuffed in massive New York mob takedown|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/luchese-bosses-19-cuffed-massive-new-york-mob-takedown-article-1.3209306|work=New York Daily News|date=May 31, 2017|access-date=June 4, 2017|archive-date=June 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603042701/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/luchese-bosses-19-cuffed-massive-new-york-mob-takedown-article-1.3209306|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Post 2017 p2">{{cite news|last=Whitehouse|first=Kaja|title=Nearly two dozen Lucchese crime family members arrested|url=https://nypost.com/2017/05/31/nearly-two-dozen-lucchese-crime-family-members-arrested/|publisher=New York Post|date=May 31, 2017|access-date=June 4, 2017|archive-date=June 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170604044246/http://nypost.com/2017/05/31/nearly-two-dozen-lucchese-crime-family-members-arrested/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Amuso's Orders 2017">{{cite news|last=Capeci|first=Jerry|title=Lucheses leadership changed hands in bloodless coup orchestrated from prison|url=https://nypost.com/2019/05/30/lucheses-leadership-changed-hands-in-bloodless-coup-orchestrated-from-prison/|date=May 30, 2019|newspaper=New York Post|access-date=June 2, 2019|archive-date=May 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531140919/https://nypost.com/2019/05/30/lucheses-leadership-changed-hands-in-bloodless-coup-orchestrated-from-prison/|url-status=live}}</ref>
**''Acting'' 2017–present: [[List of Lucchese crime family mobsters#Michael DeSantis|Michael "Big Mike" DeSantis]]<ref name="Amuso's Orders 2017"/>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book|author=Raab, Selwyn|title=Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires|location= New York|publisher= St. Martins Press|date= 2006}}
{{Navboxes
|list =
{{American Mafia}}{{Bonanno crime family}}{{Colombo crime family}}{{Gambino crime family}}{{Genovese crime family}}{{Lucchese crime family}}{{Organized crime groups in New York City}}{{Godfather}}
}}
[[Category:Five Families| ]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1931]]
[[Category:1931 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Organizations based in New York City]]
[[Category:Italian-American crime families]]
[[Category:Gangs in New York City]]
[[Category:Italian-American culture in New York City]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -31,5 +31,5 @@
===Decline of the Mafia===
-The five Mafia families in New York City are still active, albeit less powerful. The peak of the Mafia in the United States was during the 1940s, and the 1950s, until the year 1970 when the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]] (RICO Act) was enacted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act {{!}} United States [1970] {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Racketeer-Influenced-and-Corrupt-Organizations-Act |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The specific reason for the RICO Act was to stop the mafia and [[organized crime]] as a whole. The act was effective, and led to a large portion of the members who were arrested turning into informants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mobsters who became informants {{!}} American Mafia History |url=https://mafiahistory.us/maf-info.html |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=mafiahistory.us}}</ref> This effect compounded over time.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003 |title=Ideas Shoot Bullets: How the RICO Act Became a Potent Weapon in the War Against Organized Crime |url=https://concept.journals.villanova.edu/index.php/concept/article/view/312 |journal=Concept |language=en |volume=26}}</ref>
+The five Mafia families in New York City are still active, albeit less powerful. The peak of the Mafia in the United States was during the 1940s, and the 1950s, until the year 1970 when the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]] (RICO Act) was enacted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act {{!}} United States [1970] {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Racketeer-Influenced-and-Corrupt-Organizations-Act |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The specific reason for the RICO Act was to stop the mafia and [[organized crime]] as a whole. The act was effective, and led to a large portion of the members who were arrested turning into informants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mobsters who became informants {{!}} American Mafia History |url=https://mafiahistory.us/maf-info.html |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=mafiahistory.us}}</ref> This effect compounded over time.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003 |title=Ideas Shoot Bullets: How the RICO Act Became a Potent Weapon in the War Against Organized Crime |url=https://concept.journals.villanova.edu/index.php/concept/article/view/312 |journal=Concept |language=en |volume=26}}</ref> and they are gay
==Original and current Five Families bosses==
' |
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0 => 'The five Mafia families in New York City are still active, albeit less powerful. The peak of the Mafia in the United States was during the 1940s, and the 1950s, until the year 1970 when the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]] (RICO Act) was enacted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act {{!}} United States [1970] {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Racketeer-Influenced-and-Corrupt-Organizations-Act |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The specific reason for the RICO Act was to stop the mafia and [[organized crime]] as a whole. The act was effective, and led to a large portion of the members who were arrested turning into informants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mobsters who became informants {{!}} American Mafia History |url=https://mafiahistory.us/maf-info.html |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=mafiahistory.us}}</ref> This effect compounded over time.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003 |title=Ideas Shoot Bullets: How the RICO Act Became a Potent Weapon in the War Against Organized Crime |url=https://concept.journals.villanova.edu/index.php/concept/article/view/312 |journal=Concept |language=en |volume=26}}</ref> and they are gay'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => 'The five Mafia families in New York City are still active, albeit less powerful. The peak of the Mafia in the United States was during the 1940s, and the 1950s, until the year 1970 when the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]] (RICO Act) was enacted.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act {{!}} United States [1970] {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Racketeer-Influenced-and-Corrupt-Organizations-Act |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The specific reason for the RICO Act was to stop the mafia and [[organized crime]] as a whole. The act was effective, and led to a large portion of the members who were arrested turning into informants.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mobsters who became informants {{!}} American Mafia History |url=https://mafiahistory.us/maf-info.html |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=mafiahistory.us}}</ref> This effect compounded over time.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2003 |title=Ideas Shoot Bullets: How the RICO Act Became a Potent Weapon in the War Against Organized Crime |url=https://concept.journals.villanova.edu/index.php/concept/article/view/312 |journal=Concept |language=en |volume=26}}</ref>'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
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89 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=profaci&f=false',
90 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131132/https://books.google.com/books?id=ay26SKSQBgQC&pg=PA17&dq=Vincent+Aloi,+Thomas+DiBella,+and+Joseph+Brancato&hl=en&ei=qxE6TbvzB4nKgQeBoNXbCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Vincent%20Aloi,%20Thomas%20DiBella,%20and%20Joseph%20Brancato&f=false',
91 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051743/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/06/nyregion/the-city-persico-trial-put-off-on-bribery-charges.html?sq=The+City%3B+Persico+Trial+Put+Off+On+Bribery+Charges&scp=1&st=cse',
92 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051630/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/nyregion/persico-rank-rankles-as-he-is-given-5-years.html?scp=5&sq=Carmine%20%20Persico%20five%20years&st=cse',
93 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190330044320/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Legendary-New-York-Mob-Boss-Carmine-Persico-Dead-at-Age-85-506873551.html',
94 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051810/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/13/obituaries/alphonse-persico-61-is-dead-leader-of-colombo-crime-family.html?scp=1&sq=Alphonse%20Persico&st=cse',
95 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051916/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/19/nyregion/colombo-figure-given-25-years-on-80-charges.html?sq=Colombo+Figure+Given+25+Years+On+'80+Charges&scp=1&st=cse',
96 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131600/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/10/nyregion/even-to-the-5-families-the-fighting-colombos-have-been-black-sheep.html?scp=2&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse',
97 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120515052158/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/mob-boss-rips-jury-tampering-sentence-article-1.853234',
98 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120515045021/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/alphonse-persico-life-sentence-control-colombo-crime-family-article-1.370944',
99 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160321170527/https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo02709.htm/',
100 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180421031548/https://www.vice.com/sv/article/5gqpzk/the-strange-saga-of-the-odd-father-the-mob-boss-who-faked-mental-illness',
101 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20180421030947/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mob-justice-year-violence-gangland-article-1.814414',
102 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20130522160034/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/03/nyregion/with-gotti-away-the-genoveses-succeed-the-leaderless-gambinos.html?scp=6&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse',
103 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gagliano&f=false',
104 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20200115183807/http://www.onewal.com/a010/f_tommylucchese.html',
105 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170201131700/https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&pg=PA296&dq=Vic+Amuso+made+boss&hl=en&ei=JogrTbaoMYT6lwfl75S3AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Vic%20Amuso%20made%20boss&f=false',
106 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170316031536/https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&pg=PA224&dq=Windows+case+1991+Amuso&hl=en&ei=ihllTuGEPMXE0AHTrICrCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Amuso%20life%20sentence&f=false',
107 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20200115183816/http://www.laborers.org/DARCO.html',
108 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20140201220652/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/luchese-ex-boss-singing-feds-article-1.496269',
109 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20200308050328/http://www.ipsn.org/ny_%20indictments_press_release.htm',
110 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170705210137/https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/alleged-street-boss-and-underboss-la-cosa-nostra-family-charged-murder-and-racketering',
111 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170603042701/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/luchese-bosses-19-cuffed-massive-new-york-mob-takedown-article-1.3209306',
112 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20170604044246/http://nypost.com/2017/05/31/nearly-two-dozen-lucchese-crime-family-members-arrested/',
113 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20190531140919/https://nypost.com/2019/05/30/lucheses-leadership-changed-hands-in-bloodless-coup-orchestrated-from-prison/',
114 => 'https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-mob-boss-death-colombo-andrew-mush-russo-20220420-ux4bwytflzh2pdtavbqmtcbohe-story.html',
115 => 'https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/14-defendants-indicted-including-entire-administration-colombo-organized-crime-family',
116 => 'https://www.silive.com/crime-safety/2022/04/colombo-family-boss-andrew-mush-russo-dies-at-87-while-facing-federal-charges-source.html',
117 => 'https://www.britannica.com/topic/Racketeer-Influenced-and-Corrupt-Organizations-Act',
118 => 'https://mafiahistory.us/maf-info.html',
119 => 'https://concept.journals.villanova.edu/index.php/concept/article/view/312',
120 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/852899302',
121 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/727948429',
122 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=GhfExAeLSBAC&q=commission&pg=PA43',
123 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&dq=Paul+Sciacca&pg=PA29',
124 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=Evola',
125 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=BcPAL4rXbcgC&dq=Salvatore+%22Sally+Fruits%22+Farrugia&pg=PT264',
126 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=profaci',
127 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=ay26SKSQBgQC&dq=Vincent+Aloi,+Thomas+DiBella,+and+Joseph+Brancato&pg=PA17',
128 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=o64XJkmUPr0C&q=Daquila',
129 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=Ipvh76CryVoC&dq=salvatore+d'aquila&pg=PA218',
130 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=Gagliano',
131 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&dq=Vic+Amuso+made+boss&pg=PA296',
132 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&q=Amuso+life+sentence&pg=PA224',
133 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/15/franky-boy-cali-new-york-mob-mafia-shooting-staten-island',
134 => 'https://archive.today/20130128064305/http://mafiatoday.com/bonanno-family/canadian-officials-aware-of-imminent-return-to-montreal-of-alleged-mafia-boss/',
135 => 'https://archive.today/20220420200531/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-mob-boss-death-colombo-andrew-mush-russo-20220420-ux4bwytflzh2pdtavbqmtcbohe-story.html'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Five major New York City organized crime families of the Italian American Mafia</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the factions within the British Conservative Party, see <a href="/wiki/Five_Families_(Conservative_Party)" title="Five Families (Conservative Party)">Five Families (Conservative Party)</a>.</div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salvatore_Maranzano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Salvatore_Maranzano.jpg/220px-Salvatore_Maranzano.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Salvatore_Maranzano.jpg/330px-Salvatore_Maranzano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Salvatore_Maranzano.jpg/440px-Salvatore_Maranzano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1805" data-file-height="2527" /></a><figcaption>A March 1921 photo of <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Maranzano" title="Salvatore Maranzano">Salvatore Maranzano</a>, who organized and led the Five Families</figcaption></figure>
<p>The <b>Five Families</b> refer to five <a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia"> Italian American Mafia</a> <a href="/wiki/Crime_family" title="Crime family"> crime families</a> that operate in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. In 1931, the five families were <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime"> organized</a> by <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Maranzano" title="Salvatore Maranzano">Salvatore Maranzano</a> following his victory in the <a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a>.
</p><p>Maranzano reorganized the Italian American gangs in New York City into the Maranzano, Profaci, Mangano, Luciano, and Gagliano families, which are now known as the <a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese</a> families. Each family had a demarcated territory and an organizationally structured hierarchy and reported to the same overarching governing entity. Initially, Maranzano intended each family's boss to report to him as the <i><a href="/wiki/Capo_dei_capi" title="Capo dei capi">capo dei capi</a></i> ("boss of all the bosses").
</p><p>However, this led to his assassination that September, and that role was abolished for <a href="/wiki/The_Commission_(mafia)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Commission (mafia)">the Commission</a>, a ruling committee established by <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a> to oversee all Mafia activities in the United States and to mediate conflicts between families. It consisted of the bosses of the Five Families as well as the bosses of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago Outfit</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_crime_family" title="Buffalo crime family">Buffalo crime family</a>. In 1963, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Valachi" title="Joseph Valachi">Joseph Valachi</a> publicly disclosed the existence of New York City's Five Families at the <a href="/wiki/Valachi_hearings" title="Valachi hearings">Valachi hearings</a>. Since then, a few other crime families have been able to become powerful or notable enough to rise to a level comparable to that of the Five Families, holding or sharing the unofficial designation of <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Family" title="Sixth Family">Sixth Family</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Leading_up_to_the_Five_Families"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Leading up to the Five Families</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#The_Five_Families'_formation"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">The Five Families' formation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#The_Commission's_formation"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">The Commission's formation</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Decline_of_the_Mafia"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Decline of the Mafia</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Original_and_current_Five_Families_bosses"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Original and current Five Families bosses</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Territories"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Territories</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Mafia_boss_succession"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Mafia boss succession</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Bonanno_family"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bonanno family</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Colombo_family"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Colombo family</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Gambino_family"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Gambino family</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Genovese_family"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Genovese family</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Lucchese_family"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Lucchese family</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Leading_up_to_the_Five_Families">Leading up to the Five Families</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Leading up to the Five Families"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a></div>
<p>In the 1920s, <a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">Mafia</a> operations in the U.S. were controlled by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Masseria" title="Joe Masseria">Giuseppe "Joe The Boss" Masseria</a>, whose faction consisted mainly of gangsters from <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a> regions of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">Southern Italy</a>. Masseria's faction included <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Luciano" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlie Luciano">Charles "Lucky" Luciano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Anastasia" title="Albert Anastasia">Albert "Mad Hatter" Anastasia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vito_Genovese" title="Vito Genovese">Vito Genovese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mineo" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Mineo">Alfred Mineo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_Moretti" title="Willie Moretti">Willie Moretti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Adonis" title="Joe Adonis">Joe Adonis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Costello" title="Frank Costello">Frank Costello</a>. However, powerful Sicilian <i>mafioso</i> <a href="/wiki/Don_(honorific)" title="Don (honorific)">Don</a> <a href="/wiki/Vito_Cascio_Ferro" title="Vito Cascio Ferro">Vito Cascio Ferro</a> decided to make a bid for control of Mafia operations.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>From his base in <a href="/wiki/Castellammare_del_Golfo" title="Castellammare del Golfo">Castellammare del Golfo</a>, he sent <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Maranzano" title="Salvatore Maranzano">Salvatore Maranzano</a> to seize control. The Castellammarese faction in the U.S. included <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonanno" title="Joseph Bonanno">Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Magaddino" title="Stefano Magaddino">Stefano "The Undertaker" Magaddino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Profaci" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Profaci">Joseph Profaci</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Aiello" title="Joe Aiello">Joe Aiello</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> As it became more and more evident that the two factions would clash for leadership of the Mafia, they each sought to recruit more followers to support them.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a> was between the forces of Masseria and Maranzano.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> Underneath, however, there was also a generational conflict between the old guard Sicilian leadership – known as the "<a href="/wiki/Mustache_Pete" title="Mustache Pete">Mustache Petes</a>" for their long mustaches and old-world ways, such as refusing to do business with non-Italians – and the "Young Turks", a younger and more diverse Italian group who were more forward-thinking and willing to work more with non-Italians. This approach led his followers to question whether Masseria was even capable of making the Mafia prosper in modern times. Led by Luciano, the aim of this group was to end the war as soon as possible in order to resume their businesses, because they viewed the conflict as unnecessary. Luciano's objective was to modernize the mob and do away with unnecessary orthodox norms.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> This was a vision that enabled him to attract followers, who had seen the inadequacies of Masseria's traditionalist leadership. Therefore, both factions were fluid, with many mobsters switching sides or killing their own allies during the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Five_Families_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Five_Families-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> Tensions between the Maranzano and Masseria factions were evident as far back as 1928, with one side frequently <a href="/wiki/Truck_hijacking" class="mw-redirect" title="Truck hijacking">hijacking</a> the other's alcohol trucks (alcohol production was then illegal in the United States due to <a href="/wiki/Volstead_Act" title="Volstead Act">Prohibition</a>).
</p><p>In early 1931, Luciano made the decision to take out Masseria. The war had been going poorly for Masseria, and Luciano saw an opportunity to switch allegiance. In a secret deal with Maranzano, Luciano agreed to engineer Masseria's death in return for receiving Masseria's <a href="/wiki/Racket_(crime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Racket (crime)">rackets</a> and becoming Maranzano's second-in-command.<sup id="cite_ref-five_families_book_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five_families_book-8">[8]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Adonis" title="Joe Adonis">Joe Adonis</a> had joined the Masseria faction and when Masseria heard about Luciano's betrayal, he approached Adonis about killing Luciano. However, Adonis instead warned Luciano about the murder plot.<sup id="cite_ref-Reppetto_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reppetto-9">[9]</a></sup> On April 15, 1931, Masseria was killed at Nuova Villa Tammaro, a <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a> restaurant in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>. While they played cards, Luciano allegedly excused himself to the bathroom, with the gunmen reportedly being Anastasia, Genovese, Adonis, and <a href="/wiki/Bugsy_Siegel" title="Bugsy Siegel">Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ciro_Terranova" title="Ciro Terranova">Ciro "The Artichoke King" Terranova</a> drove the getaway car, but legend has it that he was too shaken up to drive away and had to be shoved out of the driver's seat by Siegel.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> With Maranzano's blessing, Luciano took over Masseria's gang and became Maranzano's lieutenant, ending the Castellammarese War.<sup id="cite_ref-five_families_book_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five_families_book-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="The_Five_Families.27_formation"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Five_Families'_formation">The Five Families' formation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Five Families' formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>With Masseria gone, Maranzano reorganized the Italian American gangs in New York City into the Five Families headed by Luciano, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Profaci" title="Joe Profaci">Profaci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Gagliano" title="Tommy Gagliano">Gagliano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Mangano" title="Vincent Mangano">Mangano</a>, and himself. Maranzano called a meeting of crime bosses in <a href="/wiki/Wappingers_Falls,_New_York" title="Wappingers Falls, New York">Wappingers Falls, New York</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2024)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> where he declared himself <i><a href="/wiki/Capo_di_tutti_i_capi" class="mw-redirect" title="Capo di tutti i capi">capo di tutti i capi</a></i> ("boss of all bosses").<sup id="cite_ref-five_families_book_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five_families_book-8">[8]</a></sup> Maranzano also whittled down the rival families' rackets in favor of his own. Luciano appeared to accept these changes, but was merely biding his time before removing Maranzano.<sup id="cite_ref-MafEnc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MafEnc-13">[13]</a></sup> Although Maranzano was slightly more forward-thinking than Masseria, Luciano had come to believe that Maranzano was even greedier and more hidebound than Masseria had been.<sup id="cite_ref-five_families_book_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five_families_book-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p><p>By September 1931, Maranzano realized Luciano was a threat, and hired <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Coll" class="mw-redirect" title="Vincent Coll">Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll</a>, an Irish gangster, to kill him.<sup id="cite_ref-five_families_book_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five_families_book-8">[8]</a></sup> However, Lucchese alerted Luciano that he was marked for death.<sup id="cite_ref-five_families_book_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-five_families_book-8">[8]</a></sup> On September 10, 1931, Maranzano ordered Luciano, Genovese, and Costello to come to his office at the <a href="/wiki/Helmsley_Building" title="Helmsley Building">230 Park Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>. Convinced that Maranzano planned to murder them, Luciano decided to act first.<sup id="cite_ref-Cohen_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cohen-14">[14]</a></sup> He sent four Jewish gangsters to Maranzano's office whose faces were unknown to Maranzano's people. They had been secured with the aid of <a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_organized_crime" title="Jewish-American organized crime">Jewish mobsters</a> <a href="/wiki/Meyer_Lansky" title="Meyer Lansky">Meyer Lansky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bugsy_Siegel" title="Bugsy Siegel">Bugsy Siegel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dec._7,_1998_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dec._7,_1998-15">[15]</a></sup> Disguised as government agents, two of the gangsters disarmed Maranzano's bodyguards. The other two, aided by Lucchese, who was there to point Maranzano out, stabbed the boss multiple times before shooting him.<sup id="cite_ref-Saga_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saga-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> This assassination was the first of what would later be fabled as the "Night of the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Vespers" title="Sicilian Vespers">Sicilian Vespers</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Saga_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saga-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="The_Commission.27s_formation"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Commission's_formation">The Commission's formation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Commission's formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>After Maranzano's murder in 1931, Luciano called a meeting in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-critchley232_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-critchley232-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Capeci_guide_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capeci_guide-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> Although there would have been few objections had Luciano declared himself <i>capo di tutti i capi,</i> he abolished the title, believing the position created trouble among the families and would make himself a target for another ambitious challenger.<sup id="cite_ref-capital_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-capital-21">[21]</a></sup> Luciano's goals with <a href="/wiki/The_Commission_(American_Mafia)" title="The Commission (American Mafia)">the Commission</a> were to quietly maintain his own power over all the families, and to prevent future gang wars; the bosses approved the idea of the Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-Capeci_guide_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capeci_guide-19">[19]</a></sup> The Commission would consist of a "<a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">board of directors</a>" to oversee all Mafia activities in the United States and serve to mediate conflicts between families.<sup id="cite_ref-Capeci_guide_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capeci_guide-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-origins_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-origins-22">[22]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Commission consisted of seven family bosses: the leaders of New York's Five Families: <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Luciano" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlie Luciano">Charlie "Lucky" Luciano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Mangano" title="Vincent Mangano">Vincent Mangano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Gagliano" title="Tommy Gagliano">Tommy Gagliano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonanno" title="Joseph Bonanno">Joseph Bonanno</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Profaci" title="Joe Profaci">Joe Profaci</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago Outfit</a> boss <a href="/wiki/Al_Capone" title="Al Capone">Al Capone</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_crime_family" title="Buffalo crime family">Buffalo family</a> boss <a href="/wiki/Stefano_Magaddino" title="Stefano Magaddino">Stefano Magaddino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Capeci_guide_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capeci_guide-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-origins_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-origins-22">[22]</a></sup> Charlie Luciano was appointed <a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">chairman</a> of the Commission. The Commission agreed to hold meetings every five years or when they needed to discuss family problems.<sup id="cite_ref-Capeci_guide_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capeci_guide-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Decline_of_the_Mafia">Decline of the Mafia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decline of the Mafia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The five Mafia families in New York City are still active, albeit less powerful. The peak of the Mafia in the United States was during the 1940s, and the 1950s, until the year 1970 when the <a href="/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act" title="Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act">Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act</a> (RICO Act) was enacted.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> The specific reason for the RICO Act was to stop the mafia and <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a> as a whole. The act was effective, and led to a large portion of the members who were arrested turning into informants.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> This effect compounded over time.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> and they are gay
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Original_and_current_Five_Families_bosses">Original and current Five Families bosses</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Original and current Five Families bosses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Valachi_hearings" title="Valachi hearings">Valachi hearings</a></div>
<p>In 1963, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Valachi" title="Joseph Valachi">Joseph Valachi</a> publicly disclosed the existence of New York City's Five Families at the <a href="/wiki/Valachi_hearings" title="Valachi hearings">Valachi hearings</a>. According to Valachi, the original bosses of the Five Families were <a href="/wiki/Charles_Luciano" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Luciano">Charles Luciano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Gagliano" title="Tommy Gagliano">Tommaso Gagliano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Profaci" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Profaci">Joseph Profaci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Maranzano" title="Salvatore Maranzano">Salvatore Maranzano</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Mangano" title="Vincent Mangano">Vincent Mangano</a>. At the time of his testimony in 1963, Valachi revealed that the current bosses of the Five Families were <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lucchese" title="Tommy Lucchese">Tommy Lucchese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vito_Genovese" title="Vito Genovese">Vito Genovese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Colombo" title="Joseph Colombo">Joseph Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gambino" title="Carlo Gambino">Carlo Gambino</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonanno" title="Joseph Bonanno">Joe Bonanno</a>. These have since been the names most commonly used to refer to the New York Five Families, despite years of overturn and changing bosses in each.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="sortable wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Original family name
</th>
<th>Founded by
</th>
<th>Current family name
</th>
<th>Named after
</th>
<th>Current boss
</th>
<th>Acting boss
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Maranzano
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Maranzano" title="Salvatore Maranzano">Salvatore Maranzano</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bonanno" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Bonanno">Joe Bonanno</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mancuso" title="Michael Mancuso">Michael "The Nose" Mancuso</a><sup id="cite_ref-Capeci_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capeci-27">[27]</a></sup>
</td>
<td>N/A
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Profaci
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Joe_Profaci" title="Joe Profaci">Joe Profaci</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Colombo" title="Joseph Colombo">Joseph Colombo</a>
</td>
<td>N/A
</td>
<td>Robert "Little Robert" Donofrio
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Mangano
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Mangano" title="Vincent Mangano">Vincent Mangano</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gambino" title="Carlo Gambino">Carlo Gambino</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Cefal%C3%B9" title="Domenico Cefalù">Domenico Cefalù</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Mannino" title="Lorenzo Mannino">Lorenzo Mannino</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Luciano
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Vito_Genovese" title="Vito Genovese">Vito Genovese</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Liborio_Bellomo" title="Liborio Bellomo">Liborio Salvatore "Barney" Bellomo</a>
</td>
<td>N/A
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Gagliano
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Gagliano" title="Tommy Gagliano">Tommy Gagliano</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lucchese" title="Tommy Lucchese">Tommy Lucchese</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amuso" title="Victor Amuso">Victor Amuso</a>
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lucchese_crime_family_mobsters#Michael_DeSantis" title="List of Lucchese crime family mobsters">Michael "Big Mike" DeSantis</a>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Territories">Territories</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The crime families historically operated throughout the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, but mainly within <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. In the state of <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, the gangs have increased their criminal <a href="/wiki/Racket_(crime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Racket (crime)">rackets</a> on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>, including both <a href="/wiki/Nassau_County,_New_York" title="Nassau County, New York">Nassau</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_New_York" title="Suffolk County, New York">Suffolk</a> counties, and the counties of <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockland_County,_New_York" title="Rockland County, New York">Rockland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Albany_County,_New_York" title="Albany County, New York">Albany</a>. They also maintain a strong presence in the state of <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Jersey_Organized_Crime_Report_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Jersey_Organized_Crime_Report-28">[28]</a></sup> The Five Families are also active in <a href="/wiki/South_Florida_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="South Florida metropolitan area">South Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.
</p>
<ul><li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno crime family</a></b> operates mainly in <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, and Long Island</a>. The family also maintains influence in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a>, Westchester County, New Jersey, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, and have ties to the <a href="/wiki/Rizzuto_crime_family" title="Rizzuto crime family">Rizzuto crime family</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>.
<ul><li>The Bath Avenue Crew operated in the <a href="/wiki/Bensonhurst" class="mw-redirect" title="Bensonhurst">Bensonhurst</a> section of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York City</li></ul></li>
<li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo crime family</a></b> operates mainly in Brooklyn, <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, and Long Island. The family also maintains influence in <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a>, Manhattan, The Bronx, New Jersey, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, and Florida.</li>
<li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino crime family</a></b> operates mainly in Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island. The family also maintains influence in The Bronx, New Jersey, Westchester County, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, Florida, and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.
<ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Ozone_Park_Boys" title="Ozone Park Boys">Ozone Park Boys</a> operate in Queens and Long Island.</li>
<li>The Staten Island Boys operate mainly in Staten Island under few other sub-groups.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup>
<ul><li>The Annadale-Rossville Boys</li>
<li>Great Kills Crew</li>
<li>North Staten Island Crew</li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese crime family</a></b> operates mainly in Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, and New Jersey. The family also maintains influence in Queens, Staten Island, Long Island, Westchester County, Rockland County, Connecticut, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, and Florida.
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/116th_Street_Crew" title="116th Street Crew">116th Street Crew</a> operates in Upper Manhattan and The Bronx.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village_Crew" title="Greenwich Village Crew">Greenwich Village Crew</a> operates in Greenwich Village in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family_New_Jersey_faction" title="Genovese crime family New Jersey faction">Genovese crime family New Jersey faction</a> operates throughout New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Jersey_Organized_Crime_Report_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Jersey_Organized_Crime_Report-28">[28]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese crime family</a></b> operates mainly in The Bronx, Manhattan, Brooklyn, and New Jersey. The family also maintains influence in Queens, Long Island, Staten Island, Westchester County, and Florida.
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Vario_Crew" class="mw-redirect" title="The Vario Crew">Cutaia Crew</a> operates in Brooklyn, Queens, and Long Island.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family_New_Jersey_faction" title="Lucchese crime family New Jersey faction">Lucchese crime family New Jersey faction</a> operates throughout New Jersey.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Tanglewood_Boys" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tanglewood Boys">The Tanglewood Boys</a> was a "recruitment gang" that operated in Westchester County, The Bronx, and Manhattan.</li></ul></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mafia_boss_succession">Mafia boss succession</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mafia boss succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bonanno_family">Bonanno family</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bonanno family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno crime family</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joseph_Bonanno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Joseph_Bonanno.jpg/220px-Joseph_Bonanno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Joseph_Bonanno.jpg/330px-Joseph_Bonanno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Joseph_Bonanno.jpg/440px-Joseph_Bonanno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="279" /></a><figcaption>Mugshot of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonanno" title="Joseph Bonanno">Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno</a>, boss of the <a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno crime family</a> from 1931 to 1968</figcaption></figure>
<ul><li>1909–1912 – <a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_DiGaetano" title="Sebastiano DiGaetano">Sebastiano DiGaetano</a></li>
<li>1912–1930 – <a href="/wiki/Nicolo_Schiro" title="Nicolo Schiro">Nicolo Schirò</a> – fled</li>
<li>1930–1931 – <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Maranzano" title="Salvatore Maranzano">Salvatore Maranzano</a> – murdered on September 10, 1931<sup id="cite_ref-Raab_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Raab-30">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li>1931–1968 – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonanno" title="Joseph Bonanno">Joseph "Joe Bananas" Bonanno</a> – on October 21, 1964, Bonanno disappeared; forcibly replaced as boss by the commission;<sup id="cite_ref-Sifakis_p.28-29_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sifakis_p.28-29-31">[31]</a></sup> crime family split into two factions; in May 1966, Bonanno reappeared after two years; officially retires after a heart attack in 1968
<ul><li><i>Disputed</i> 1964–1966 – <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_DiGregorio" title="Gaspar DiGregorio">Gaspar "Gasparino" DiGregorio</a> – installed when Bonanno disappeared and later forcibly replaced by the Commission<sup id="cite_ref-Sifakis_p.28-29_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sifakis_p.28-29-31">[31]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1966–1968 – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sciacca" title="Paul Sciacca">Paul Sciacca</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mafia_Easy_pg.173_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mafia_Easy_pg.173-32">[32]</a></sup> – for the DiGregorio faction</li></ul></li>
<li>1968–1971 – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sciacca" title="Paul Sciacca">Paul Sciacca</a> – imprisoned</li>
<li>1971–1973 – <a href="/wiki/Natale_Evola" title="Natale Evola">Natale "Joe Diamonds" Evola</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mafia_Easy_pg.173_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mafia_Easy_pg.173-32">[32]</a></sup> – died on August 28, 1973<sup id="cite_ref-evola_dead_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-evola_dead-33">[33]</a></sup></li>
<li>1973–1991 – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Rastelli" title="Philip Rastelli">Phillip "Rusty" Rastelli</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mafia_Easy_pg.173_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mafia_Easy_pg.173-32">[32]</a></sup> – imprisoned 1975–1984 and 1986–1991<sup id="cite_ref-Trutv_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trutv-34">[34]</a></sup>
<ul><li><i>Acting (unofficial)</i><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> 1974–1979 – <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Galante" title="Carmine Galante">Carmine "Cigar" Galante</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mafia_Easy_pg.173_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mafia_Easy_pg.173-32">[32]</a></sup> – murdered on July 12, 1979<sup id="cite_ref-Trutv_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trutv-34">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1979–1983 – Salvatore "Sally Fruits" Farrugia – appointed by the Commission<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1987–1991 – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Spero" title="Anthony Spero">Anthony "Old Man" Spero</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mafia_Easy_pg.173_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mafia_Easy_pg.173-32">[32]</a></sup> – sentenced to life imprisonment in 2002, died in 2008</li></ul></li>
<li>1991–2004 – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Massino" title="Joseph Massino">Joseph "Big Joey" Massino</a> – imprisoned January 2003, became government informant in October 2004
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 1991–1993 – Anthony "Old Man" Spero</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 2003–2004 – Anthony "Tony Green" Urso – imprisoned January 2004</li></ul></li>
<li>2004–2011 – <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Basciano" title="Vincent Basciano">Vincent "Vinny Gorgeous" Basciano</a> – imprisoned November 2004, in July 2007 received a life sentence
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 2004–2006 – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mancuso" title="Michael Mancuso">Michael "the Nose" Mancuso</a> – imprisoned February 2006</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 2006–2009 – <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Montagna" title="Salvatore Montagna">Salvatore "Sal the Iron Worker" Montagna</a> – deported to Canada in April 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-canadian_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canadian-37">[37]</a></sup> shot and killed in November 2011</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 2010–2012 – <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Badalamenti" title="Vincent Badalamenti">Vincent "Vinny T.V." Badalamenti</a> – imprisoned in January 2012<sup id="cite_ref-VTV_pinch_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VTV_pinch-38">[38]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li>2013–present – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mancuso" title="Michael Mancuso">Michael "the Nose" Mancuso</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mancuso_June_2013_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mancuso_June_2013-39">[39]</a></sup> – released from prison March 12, 2019
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 2013–2014 – Thomas "Tommy D" DiFiore<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> – arrested on January 23, 2014</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 2014–2015 – John "Johnny Skyway" Palazzolo – arrested on March 27, 2015, for violating parole<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 2015–2019 – Joseph "Joe C" Cammarano Jr.<sup id="cite_ref-Cammarano_Jr_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cammarano_Jr-42">[42]</a></sup> – indicted on racketeering and extortion charges on January 12, 2018, acquitted March 13, 2019<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-44">[44]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cammarano_Jr_busted_2018_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cammarano_Jr_busted_2018-45">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-acquit_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acquit-46">[46]</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Colombo_family">Colombo family</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Colombo family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo crime family</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josephcolombo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Josephcolombo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption>The March 6, 1970 mug shot of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Colombo" title="Joseph Colombo">Joseph Colombo</a>, boss of the <a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo crime family</a></figcaption></figure>
<ul><li>1928–1962 – <a href="/wiki/Joe_Profaci" title="Joe Profaci">Joseph Profaci</a><sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._174-47">[47]</a></sup> – died of natural causes</li>
<li>1962–1963 – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Magliocco" title="Joseph Magliocco">Joseph Magliocco</a><sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._174-47">[47]</a></sup> – forced to retire by Mafia Commission</li>
<li>1963–1973 – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Colombo" title="Joseph Colombo">Joseph Colombo</a><sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._174-47">[47]</a></sup> – paralyzed by assassination attempt
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 1971–1972 – Joseph Yacovelli<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._174-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Machi_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Machi-48">[48]</a></sup> – fled, after the murder of Joe Gallo</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1972–1973 – <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Aloi" title="Vincenzo Aloi">Vincenzo "Vincent" Aloi</a><sup id="cite_ref-NJ_Report_1989_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJ_Report_1989-49">[49]</a></sup> – imprisoned</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1973 – Joseph "Joey" Brancato<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._174-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NJ_Report_1989_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJ_Report_1989-49">[49]</a></sup> – imprisoned<sup id="cite_ref-Machi_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Machi-48">[48]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li>1973–2019 – <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Persico" title="Carmine Persico">Carmine "Junior" Persico</a><sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._174-47">[47]</a></sup> – imprisoned 1973–1979,<sup id="cite_ref-persico1_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-persico1-50">[50]</a></sup> 1981–1984,<sup id="cite_ref-persico2_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-persico2-51">[51]</a></sup> 1985–2019,<sup id="cite_ref-Maas_pg_191_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maas_pg_191-52">[52]</a></sup> died on March 7, 2019<sup id="cite_ref-Persico_death_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Persico_death-53">[53]</a></sup>
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 1973–1979 – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiBella" title="Thomas DiBella">Thomas DiBella</a><sup id="cite_ref-NJ_Report_1989_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NJ_Report_1989-49">[49]</a></sup> – stepped down, became consigliere</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1981–1983 – Alphonse "Allie Boy" Persico – Carmine Persico's brother; fugitive 1980–1987, imprisoned<sup id="cite_ref-Alphonse_Persico_dead_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alphonse_Persico_dead-54">[54]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1983–1984 – <a href="/wiki/Gennaro_Langella" title="Gennaro Langella">Gennaro "Jerry Lang" Langella</a> – imprisoned<sup id="cite_ref-Maas_pg_191_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maas_pg_191-52">[52]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1985–1987 – Anthony "Scappy" Scarpati<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> – imprisoned</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1987–1991 – <a href="/wiki/Victor_Orena" title="Victor Orena">Vittorio "Vic" Orena</a><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> – imprisoned sentenced to life<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1991–1993 – <i>Vacant</i> – disputed leadership during the third war</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1994–1996 – Andrew "Andy Mush" Russo<sup id="cite_ref-Capeci_pg.386_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capeci_pg.386-59">[59]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jury_tampering_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jury_tampering-60">[60]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Russo_2006_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russo_2006-61">[61]</a></sup> – imprisoned March 1997<sup id="cite_ref-Russo_2006_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russo_2006-61">[61]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1996–2019 – <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Persico" title="Alphonse Persico">Alphonse "Little Allie Boy" Persico</a><sup id="cite_ref-Capeci_pg.386_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capeci_pg.386-59">[59]</a></sup> – Carmine Persico's son; imprisoned sentenced to life 2009<sup id="cite_ref-end_control_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-end_control-62">[62]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mafia_News_Today_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mafia_News_Today-63">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Persico_life_2009_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Persico_life_2009-64">[64]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li>2019–2022 – Andrew "Andy Mush" Russo – indicted on September 14, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Russo_indictment_09-12-2021_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russo_indictment_09-12-2021-65">[65]</a></sup> Died on April 18, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-66">[66]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Andrew_Russo_died_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andrew_Russo_died-67">[67]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Gambino_family">Gambino family</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gambino family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino crime family</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Gotti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/John_Gotti.jpg/220px-John_Gotti.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/John_Gotti.jpg/330px-John_Gotti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/John_Gotti.jpg/440px-John_Gotti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>The 1990 mug shot of <a href="/wiki/John_Gotti" title="John Gotti">John Gotti</a>, boss of the <a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino crime family</a> from 1985 to 2002</figcaption></figure>
<ul><li>1900s–1910 – <a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Lupo" title="Ignazio Lupo">Ignazio "the Wolf" Lupo</a> – imprisoned in 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-sifakis_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sifakis-68">[68]</a></sup></li>
<li>1910–1928 – <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_D%27Aquila" title="Salvatore D'Aquila">Salvatore "Toto" D'Aquila</a> – took over the Brooklyn Camorra in 1916 and merged with Al Mineo's gang forming the largest family in New York. He was killed on orders of boss <a href="/wiki/Joe_Masseria" title="Joe Masseria">Joe Masseria</a> in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup></li>
<li>1928–1930 – <a href="/wiki/Manfredi_Mineo" title="Manfredi Mineo">Manfredi "Alfred" Mineo</a> – killed in <a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a> in 1930.</li>
<li>1930–1931 – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Scalice" title="Frank Scalice">Frank Scalice</a> – demoted after murder of boss of all bosses <a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Maranzano" title="Salvatore Maranzano">Salvatore Maranzano</a>.</li>
<li>1931–1951 – <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Mangano" title="Vincent Mangano">Vincent Mangano</a> – disappeared in April 1951, allegedly killed on orders of underboss Albert Anastasia.</li>
<li>1951–1957 – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Anastasia" title="Albert Anastasia">Albert Anastasia</a> – murdered in October 1957 on orders of Carlo Gambino.</li>
<li>1957–1976 – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gambino" title="Carlo Gambino">Carlo Gambino</a> – died of natural causes in 1976.
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 1964–1976 – Paul Castellano – acting boss for Gambino, became official boss after his death.</li></ul></li>
<li>1976–1985 – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Castellano" title="Paul Castellano">Paul Castellano</a> – murdered in December 1985 on orders of capo John Gotti.</li>
<li>1985–2002 – <a href="/wiki/John_Gotti" title="John Gotti">John Gotti</a> – imprisoned in 1990, died in 2002.
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 1993–1999 – <a href="/wiki/John_A._Gotti" title="John A. Gotti">John A. Gotti</a> – imprisoned in 1999, later retired.</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1999–2002 – Peter Gotti – promoted to official boss.</li></ul></li>
<li>2002–2011 – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gotti" title="Peter Gotti">Peter Gotti</a> – imprisoned in 2002, died in 2021.
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 2002–2005 – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Squitieri" title="Arnold Squitieri">Arnold Squitieri</a><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 2005–2008 – <a href="/wiki/Jackie_D%27Amico" title="Jackie D'Amico">John D'Amico</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li>2011–present – <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Cefal%C3%B9" title="Domenico Cefalù">Domenico "Italian Dom" Cefalù</a>
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 2015–2019 – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Cali" title="Frank Cali">Frank Cali</a> – <a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">murdered</a> in March 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-nydn210815_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydn210815-75">[75]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Front boss</i> 2019–present – <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Mannino" title="Lorenzo Mannino">Lorenzo Mannino</a><sup id="cite_ref-lore_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lore-76">[76]</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Genovese_family">Genovese family</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Genovese family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese crime family</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liborio_Bellomo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Liborio_Bellomo.jpg/220px-Liborio_Bellomo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Liborio_Bellomo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="393" /></a><figcaption>A 1996 mug shot of <a href="/wiki/Liborio_Bellomo" title="Liborio Bellomo">Liborio Bellomo</a>, believed to be the current boss of the <a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese crime family</a></figcaption></figure>
<ul><li>1890s–1909 – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Morello" title="Giuseppe Morello">Giuseppe "the Clutch Hand" Morello</a> – imprisoned</li>
<li>1910–1916 – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Morello" title="Nicholas Morello">Nicholas "Nick Morello" Terranova</a> – murdered on September 7, 1916</li>
<li>1916–1920 – <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Terranova" title="Vincenzo Terranova">Vincenzo "Vincent" Terranova</a> – stepped down becoming underboss</li>
<li>1920–1922 – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Morello" title="Giuseppe Morello">Giuseppe "the Clutch Hand" Morello</a> – stepped down becoming underboss to Masseria</li>
<li>1922–1931 – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Masseria" class="mw-redirect" title="Giuseppe Masseria">Giuseppe "Joe the Boss" Masseria</a> – murdered on April 15, 1931</li>
<li>1931–1946 – <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Charles "Lucky" Luciano</a> – imprisoned in 1936, deported to Italy in 1946
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 1936–1937 – <a href="/wiki/Vito_Genovese" title="Vito Genovese">Vito Genovese</a> – fled to Italy in 1937 to avoid murder charge</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1937–1946 – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Costello" title="Frank Costello">Frank "the Prime Minister" Costello</a> – became official boss after Luciano's deportation</li></ul></li>
<li>1946–1957 – <a href="/wiki/Frank_Costello" title="Frank Costello">Frank "the Prime Minister" Costello</a> – resigned in 1957 after <a href="/wiki/Vito_Genovese" title="Vito Genovese">Genovese</a> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Gigante" title="Vincent Gigante">-Gigante</a> assassination attempt<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></sup></li>
<li>1957–1969 – <a href="/wiki/Vito_Genovese" title="Vito Genovese">Vito "Don Vito" Genovese</a> – imprisoned in 1959, died in prison in 1969
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 1959–1962 – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_%22Tony_Bender%22_Strollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony "Tony Bender" Strollo">Anthony "Tony Bender" Strollo</a> – disappeared in 1962</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1962–1965 – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eboli" title="Thomas Eboli">Thomas "Tommy Ryan" Eboli</a> – became front boss</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1965–1969 – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Lombardo" title="Philip Lombardo">Philip "Benny Squint" Lombardo</a> – became the official boss</li></ul></li>
<li>1969–1981 – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Lombardo" title="Philip Lombardo">Philip "Benny Squint" Lombardo</a> – retired in 1981, died of natural causes in 1987</li>
<li>1981–2005 – <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Gigante" title="Vincent Gigante">Vincent "Chin" Gigante</a> – imprisoned in 1997, died in prison on December 19, 2005<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup>
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 1989–1996 – <a href="/wiki/Liborio_Bellomo" title="Liborio Bellomo">Liborio "Barney" Bellomo</a> – promoted to street boss</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1997–1998 – <a href="/wiki/Dominick_Cirillo" title="Dominick Cirillo">Dominick "Quiet Dom" Cirillo</a> – suffered heart attack and resigned</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1998–2005 – <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ianniello" title="Matthew Ianniello">Matthew "Matty the Horse" Ianniello</a> – resigned when indicted in July 2005</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 2005–2008 – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Leo_(mobster)" title="Daniel Leo (mobster)">Daniel "Danny the Lion" Leo</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup> – imprisoned 2008–2013</li></ul></li>
<li>2010–present – <a href="/wiki/Liborio_Bellomo" title="Liborio Bellomo">Liborio "Barney" Bellomo</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Lucchese_family">Lucchese family</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Lucchese family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese crime family</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tommy_Lucchese_1958_by_the_Associated_Press.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tommy_Lucchese_1958_by_the_Associated_Press.jpg/220px-Tommy_Lucchese_1958_by_the_Associated_Press.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tommy_Lucchese_1958_by_the_Associated_Press.jpg/330px-Tommy_Lucchese_1958_by_the_Associated_Press.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Tommy_Lucchese_1958_by_the_Associated_Press.jpg/440px-Tommy_Lucchese_1958_by_the_Associated_Press.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1546" data-file-height="2808" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lucchese" title="Tommy Lucchese">Tommy Lucchese</a>, boss of the <a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese crime family</a> from 1951 to 1967</figcaption></figure>
<ul><li>1922–1930: <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Reina" title="Gaetano Reina">Gaetano "Tommy" Reina</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (January 2020)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> murdered on February 26, 1930</li>
<li>1930: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pinzolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Pinzolo">Bonaventura "Joseph" Pinzolo</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup> murdered on September 5, 1930</li>
<li>1930–1951: <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Gagliano" title="Tommy Gagliano">Tommaso "Tommy" Gagliano</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup> retired in 1951, died on February 16, 1953</li>
<li>1951–1967: <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lucchese" title="Tommy Lucchese">Gaetano "Tommy Brown" Lucchese</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup> died on July 13, 1967<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harrell_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrell-84">[84]</a></sup>
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 1966–1967: <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Tramunti" title="Carmine Tramunti">Carmine Tramunti</a>: stepped down</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1967: <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Coco" class="mw-redirect" title="Ettore Coco">Ettore "Eddie" Coco</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup> stepped down</li></ul></li>
<li>1967–1973: <a href="/wiki/Carmine_Tramunti" title="Carmine Tramunti">Carmine "Mr. Gribbs" Tramunti</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup> imprisoned in October 1973</li>
<li>1973–1986: <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Corallo" title="Anthony Corallo">Anthony "Tony Ducks" Corallo</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup> indicted on February 15, 1985, convicted on November 19, 1986, in the <a href="/wiki/Mafia_Commission_Trial" title="Mafia Commission Trial">Mafia Commission Trial</a> and sentenced on January 13, 1987 to 100 years in prison.</li>
<li>1986–present: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Amuso" title="Victor Amuso">Vittorio "Vic" Amuso</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gaspipe_pg.296_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaspipe_pg.296-85">[85]</a></sup> arrested in 1991, received a <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life sentence</a> in January 1993<sup id="cite_ref-Gaspipe_p.246_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gaspipe_p.246-86">[86]</a></sup>
<ul><li><i>Acting</i> 1990–1991: <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_D%27Arco" title="Alphonse D'Arco">Alphonse "Little Al" D'Arco</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup> demoted, became a member of a <i>ruling panel</i><sup id="cite_ref-D'Arco_Declaration_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-D'Arco_Declaration-87">[87]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1995–1998: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_DeFede" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph DeFede">Joseph "Little Joe" DeFede</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup> imprisoned in 1998</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 1998–2000: <a href="/wiki/Steven_Crea" title="Steven Crea">Steven "Wonderboy" Crea</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup> imprisoned on September 6, 2000<sup id="cite_ref-construction_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-construction-89">[89]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 2000–2003: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Daidone" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Daidone">Louis "Louie Bagels" Daidone</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81">[81]</a></sup> imprisoned March 2003, received life sentence in January 2004</li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 2009–2017: <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Madonna" title="Matthew Madonna">Matthew "Matt" Madonna</a>: indicted 2007 and 2009; imprisoned 2015–present; indicted 2017<sup id="cite_ref-Indictment_2017_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Indictment_2017-90">[90]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Daily_News_2017_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daily_News_2017-91">[91]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Post_2017_p2_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Post_2017_p2-92">[92]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Amuso's_Orders_2017_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amuso's_Orders_2017-93">[93]</a></sup></li>
<li><i>Acting</i> 2017–present: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lucchese_crime_family_mobsters#Michael_DeSantis" title="List of Lucchese crime family mobsters">Michael "Big Mike" DeSantis</a><sup id="cite_ref-Amuso's_Orders_2017_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amuso's_Orders_2017-93">[93]</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSifakis2005" class="citation book cs1">Sifakis, Carl (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mafiaencyclopedi00sifa_0/page/56"><i>The Mafia Encyclopedia</i></a>. New York: Checkmark Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mafiaencyclopedi00sifa_0/page/56">56</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816056958" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816056958"><bdi>978-0816056958</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mafia+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Checkmark+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0816056958&rft.aulast=Sifakis&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmafiaencyclopedi00sifa_0%2Fpage%2F56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sifakis, (2005). pp. 56–57</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMarc.2013" class="citation book cs1">Marc., Mappen (2013). <i>Prohibition gangsters : the rise and fall of a bad generation</i>. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813561158" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813561158"><bdi>978-0813561158</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/852899302">852899302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prohibition+gangsters+%3A+the+rise+and+fall+of+a+bad+generation&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F852899302&rft.isbn=978-0813561158&rft.aulast=Marc.&rft.aufirst=Mappen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Critchley, (2008). p. 165</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFNate.2010" class="citation book cs1">Nate., Hendley (2010). <i>American gangsters, then and now : an encyclopedia</i>. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313354519" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313354519"><bdi>978-0313354519</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/727948429">727948429</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+gangsters%2C+then+and+now+%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F727948429&rft.isbn=978-0313354519&rft.aulast=Nate.&rft.aufirst=Hendley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Five_Families-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Five_Families_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRaab2006" class="citation book cs1">Raab, Selwyn (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_s8f3/page/22"><i>Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires</i></a>. St. Martin's Griffin. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unset0000unse_s8f3/page/22">22–35</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0312361815" title="Special:BookSources/978-0312361815"><bdi>978-0312361815</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Five+Families%3A+The+Rise%2C+Decline%2C+and+Resurgence+of+America%27s+Most+Powerful+Mafia+Empires&rft.pages=22-35&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0312361815&rft.aulast=Raab&rft.aufirst=Selwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funset0000unse_s8f3%2Fpage%2F22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sifakis, (2005). p. 323</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-five_families_book-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-five_families_book_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-five_families_book_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-five_families_book_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-five_families_book_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-five_families_book_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-five_families_book_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC"><i>The Five Families</i></a>. MacMillan. May 13, 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781429907989" title="Special:BookSources/9781429907989"><bdi>9781429907989</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160430222535/https://books.google.com/books?id=5nAt6N8iQnYC">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Families&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=2014-05-13&rft.isbn=9781429907989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5nAt6N8iQnYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Reppetto-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reppetto_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFReppetto2004" class="citation book cs1">Reppetto, Thomas (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanmafiahis00repp"><i>American Mafia: a history of its rise to power</i></a></span> (1st ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanmafiahis00repp/page/137">137</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-7210-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-7210-1"><bdi>0-8050-7210-1</bdi></a>. <q>Joe Adonis.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Mafia%3A+a+history+of+its+rise+to+power&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=137&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+and+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8050-7210-1&rft.aulast=Reppetto&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanmafiahis00repp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFPollak2012" class="citation news cs1">Pollak, Michael (June 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/nyregion/answer-to-a-question-about-a-mobsters-death-in-coney-island.html?_r=0">"Coney Island's Big Hit"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116023517/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/01/nyregion/answer-to-a-question-about-a-mobsters-death-in-coney-island.html?_r=0">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Coney+Island%27s+Big+Hit&rft.date=2012-06-29&rft.aulast=Pollak&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F07%2F01%2Fnyregion%2Fanswer-to-a-question-about-a-mobsters-death-in-coney-island.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sifakis, (2005). pp. 87–88</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_A._GoschRichard_HammerLucky_Luciano1975" class="citation book cs1">Martin A. Gosch; Richard Hammer; Lucky Luciano (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lasttestamentofl00gosc/page/130"><i>The Last Testament of Lucky Luciano</i></a>. Little, Brown. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lasttestamentofl00gosc/page/130">130–132</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-32140-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-32140-2"><bdi>978-0-316-32140-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Testament+of+Lucky+Luciano&rft.pages=130-132&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-316-32140-2&rft.au=Martin+A.+Gosch&rft.au=Richard+Hammer&rft.au=Lucky+Luciano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flasttestamentofl00gosc%2Fpage%2F130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-MafEnc-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MafEnc_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sifakis</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Cohen-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cohen_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCohen1999" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Rich (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toughjews00cohe"><i>Tough Jews</i></a></span> (1st Vintage Books ed.). New York: Vintage Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/toughjews00cohe/page/65">65</a>–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-70547-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-70547-3"><bdi>0-375-70547-3</bdi></a>. <q>Genovese maranzano.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tough+Jews&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=65-66&rft.edition=1st+Vintage+Books&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-375-70547-3&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftoughjews00cohe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Dec._7,_1998-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dec._7,_1998_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buchanan, Edna (1998-12-07). "Lucky Luciano: Criminal Mastermind". <i>Time</i>, December 7, 1998. Originally retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989779,00.html">http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989779,00.html</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131227034055/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989779,00.html">Archived</a> December 27, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Saga-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Saga_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Saga_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080911231857/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/2.html">"Genovese family saga"</a>. <i>Crime Library</i>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Genovese Family," <i>Crime Library</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/2.html"><i>Crime Library</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214043547/http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/genovese1/2.html">Archived</a> December 14, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-critchley232-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-critchley232_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Critchley, <i>The Origin of Organized Crime in America: The New York City Mafia, 1891-1931</i>, p. 232</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Capeci_guide-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Capeci_guide_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capeci_guide_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capeci_guide_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capeci_guide_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capeci_guide_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Capeci" title="Jerry Capeci">Capeci, Jerry</a>. <i>The complete idiot's guide to the Mafia</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GhfExAeLSBAC&q=commission&pg=PA43">"The Mafia's Commission" (pp. 31–46)</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Humbert S. Nelli <i>The business of crime: Italians and syndicate crime in the United States</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/businessofcrimei00nell/page/207">(pp. 206–208)</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-capital-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-capital_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Wallace2012" class="citation book cs1">David Wallace (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ivN7BAAAQBAJ&q=lucky+luciano+church+prison+the+Victoria%2C+the+ship+of+Ferdinand+Magella&pg=PA51"><i>Capital of the World: A Portrait of New York City in the Roaring Twenties</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780762768196" title="Special:BookSources/9780762768196"><bdi>9780762768196</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210815133322/https://books.google.com/books?id=ivN7BAAAQBAJ&q=lucky+luciano+church+prison+the+Victoria%2C+the+ship+of+Ferdinand+Magella&pg=PA51">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Capital+of+the+World%3A+A+Portrait+of+New+York+City+in+the+Roaring+Twenties&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780762768196&rft.au=David+Wallace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DivN7BAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dlucky%2Bluciano%2Bchurch%2Bprison%2Bthe%2BVictoria%252C%2Bthe%2Bship%2Bof%2BFerdinand%2BMagella%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-origins-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-origins_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-origins_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/nyregion/the-commission-s-origins.html">"The Commission's Origins"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 1986. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413102922/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/20/nyregion/the-commission-s-origins.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Commission%27s+Origins&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F11%2F20%2Fnyregion%2Fthe-commission-s-origins.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Racketeer-Influenced-and-Corrupt-Organizations-Act">"Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act | United States [1970] | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Racketeer+Influenced+and+Corrupt+Organizations+Act+%7C+United+States+%5B1970%5D+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FRacketeer-Influenced-and-Corrupt-Organizations-Act&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mafiahistory.us/maf-info.html">"Mobsters who became informants | American Mafia History"</a>. <i>mafiahistory.us</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mafiahistory.us&rft.atitle=Mobsters+who+became+informants+%7C+American+Mafia+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmafiahistory.us%2Fmaf-info.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://concept.journals.villanova.edu/index.php/concept/article/view/312">"Ideas Shoot Bullets: How the RICO Act Became a Potent Weapon in the War Against Organized Crime"</a>. <i>Concept</i>. <b>26</b>. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Concept&rft.atitle=Ideas+Shoot+Bullets%3A+How+the+RICO+Act+Became+a+Potent+Weapon+in+the+War+Against+Organized+Crime&rft.volume=26&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconcept.journals.villanova.edu%2Findex.php%2Fconcept%2Farticle%2Fview%2F312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFLupo2015" class="citation book cs1">Lupo, Salvatore (2015). <i>The Two Mafias: a transatlantic history, 1888-2008</i>. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-49135-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-49135-0"><bdi>978-1-137-49135-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Two+Mafias%3A+a+transatlantic+history%2C+1888-2008&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-137-49135-0&rft.aulast=Lupo&rft.aufirst=Salvatore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Capeci-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Capeci_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jerry-capeci/mob-murder-in-montreal-co_b_417688.html">"Jerry Capeci: Mob Murder In Montreal Could Trigger Bloodshed In New York"</a>. <i>Huffington Post</i>. January 11, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111230103415/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jerry-capeci/mob-murder-in-montreal-co_b_417688.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Jerry+Capeci%3A+Mob+Murder+In+Montreal+Could+Trigger+Bloodshed+In+New+York&rft.date=2010-01-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fjerry-capeci%2Fmob-murder-in-montreal-co_b_417688.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-New_Jersey_Organized_Crime_Report-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-New_Jersey_Organized_Crime_Report_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-New_Jersey_Organized_Crime_Report_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.state.nj.us/sci/pdf/ocreport.pdf"><i>The Changing Face of Organized Crime in New Jersey </i>(A Status Report)<i><span></span></i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. May 2004. pp. 105–114. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111219032552/http://www.state.nj.us/sci/pdf/ocreport.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on December 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Changing+Face+of+Organized+Crime+in+New+Jersey+%28A+Status+Report%29&rft.pages=105-114&rft.date=2004-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.nj.us%2Fsci%2Fpdf%2Focreport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFDurkin2019" class="citation web cs1">Durkin, Erin (March 15, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/mar/15/franky-boy-cali-new-york-mob-mafia-shooting-staten-island">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'They don't bother nobody': the quiet presence of New York's mafia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=%27They+don%27t+bother+nobody%27%3A+the+quiet+presence+of+New+York%27s+mafia&rft.date=2019-03-15&rft.aulast=Durkin&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2019%2Fmar%2F15%2Ffranky-boy-cali-new-york-mob-mafia-shooting-staten-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Raab-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Raab_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raab, Selwyn. <i>The Five Families: The Rise, Decline & Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empire</i>. New York: St. Martins Press, 2005.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sifakis_p.28-29-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sifakis_p.28-29_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sifakis_p.28-29_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mafia Encyclopedia By Carl Sifakis <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&dq=Paul+Sciacca&pg=PA29">pg.28–29</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Mafia_Easy_pg.173-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mafia_Easy_pg.173_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mafia_Easy_pg.173_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mafia_Easy_pg.173_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mafia_Easy_pg.173_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mafia_Easy_pg.173_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra by Peter J. Devico <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=Evola">(pg. 173)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=Evola&f=false">Archived</a> January 15, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-evola_dead-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-evola_dead_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFGage1973" class="citation news cs1">Gage, Nicholas (August 31, 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1973/08/31/90473202.pdf">"Natale Evola, Mafia Figure, Is Dead at 66"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Natale+Evola%2C+Mafia+Figure%2C+Is+Dead+at+66&rft.date=1973-08-31&rft.aulast=Gage&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1973%2F08%2F31%2F90473202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Trutv-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Trutv_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Trutv_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBruno" class="citation web cs1">Bruno, Anthony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120514134416/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/bonanno/1.html">"The Bonanno Family: "What's There to Say?"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>TruTV Crime Library</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/gangsters_outlaws/family_epics/bonanno/1.html">the original</a> on May 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TruTV+Crime+Library&rft.atitle=The+Bonanno+Family%3A+%22What%27s+There+to+Say%3F%22&rft.aulast=Bruno&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trutv.com%2Flibrary%2Fcrime%2Fgangsters_outlaws%2Ffamily_epics%2Fbonanno%2F1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raab, pp. 203–205</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia By Joseph D. Pistone <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BcPAL4rXbcgC&dq=Salvatore+%22Sally+Fruits%22+Farrugia&pg=PT264">read</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708141602/http://books.google.com/books?id=BcPAL4rXbcgC&pg=PT264&dq=Salvatore+%22Sally+Fruits%22+Farrugia&hl=en&ei=ALVFToh5g-mBB-7YvcYG&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Salvatore%20%22Sally%20Fruits%22%20Farrugia&f=false">Archived</a> July 8, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-canadian-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-canadian_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mafiatoday.com/bonanno-family/canadian-officials-aware-of-imminent-return-to-montreal-of-alleged-mafia-boss/">"Canadian officials aware of imminent return to Montreal of alleged Mafia boss"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130128064305/http://mafiatoday.com/bonanno-family/canadian-officials-aware-of-imminent-return-to-montreal-of-alleged-mafia-boss/">Archived</a> January 28, 2013, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> Mafia Today April 20, 2009</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-VTV_pinch-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VTV_pinch_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMarzulli2012" class="citation news cs1">Marzulli, John (January 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/feds-bust-5-mob-suspects-including-alleged-bonanno-boss-vincent-vinny-tv-badalamenti-article-1.1012873">"Feds bust 5 mob suspects, including alleged Bonanno boss Vincent (Vinny TV) Badalamenti"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120130035019/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/feds-bust-5-mob-suspects-including-alleged-bonanno-boss-vincent-vinny-tv-badalamenti-article-1.1012873">Archived</a> from the original on January 30, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Feds+bust+5+mob+suspects%2C+including+alleged+Bonanno+boss+Vincent+%28Vinny+TV%29+Badalamenti&rft.date=2012-01-27&rft.aulast=Marzulli&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Ffeds-bust-5-mob-suspects-including-alleged-bonanno-boss-vincent-vinny-tv-badalamenti-article-1.1012873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Mancuso_June_2013-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mancuso_June_2013_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMarzulli2013" class="citation news cs1">Marzulli, John (June 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/bonanno-family-names-nose-new-boss-article-1.1380609">"Bonanno crime family sniffs out Michael 'The Nose' Mancuso as new boss: sources"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627063804/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/bonanno-family-names-nose-new-boss-article-1.1380609">Archived</a> from the original on June 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 24,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Bonanno+crime+family+sniffs+out+Michael+%27The+Nose%27+Mancuso+as+new+boss%3A+sources&rft.date=2013-06-24&rft.aulast=Marzulli&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fbonanno-family-names-nose-new-boss-article-1.1380609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCapeci2013" class="citation news cs1">Capeci, Jerry (June 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ganglandnews.com/index.html">"New Bonanno Boss Speaks Softly; Hides in the Bushes"</a>. Gang Land News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130603091506/http://www.ganglandnews.com/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 15,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Bonanno+Boss+Speaks+Softly%3B+Hides+in+the+Bushes&rft.date=2013-06-13&rft.aulast=Capeci&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganglandnews.com%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFYaniv2015" class="citation news cs1">Yaniv, Oren (March 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/mobster-locked-meeting-mobsters-violating-parole-article-1.2165308">"Bonanno crime family street boss locked up after feds catch him meeting with other mobsters – violating his parole"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150331015118/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/mobster-locked-meeting-mobsters-violating-parole-article-1.2165308">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Bonanno+crime+family+street+boss+locked+up+after+feds+catch+him+meeting+with+other+mobsters+%E2%80%93+violating+his+parole&rft.date=2015-03-28&rft.aulast=Yaniv&rft.aufirst=Oren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fnyc-crime%2Fmobster-locked-meeting-mobsters-violating-parole-article-1.2165308&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Cammarano_Jr-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cammarano_Jr_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMarzulli2016" class="citation news cs1">Marzulli, John (January 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943">"EXCLUSIVE: Mob boss rebuilding what's left of Bonanno crime family"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160120195408/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943">Archived</a> from the original on January 20, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=EXCLUSIVE%3A+Mob+boss+rebuilding+what%27s+left+of+Bonanno+crime+family&rft.date=2016-01-18&rft.aulast=Marzulli&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fnyc-crime%2Fexclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMarzulli2016" class="citation web cs1">Marzulli, John (January 18, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943">"EXCLUSIVE: Mob boss rebuilding what's left of Bonanno crime family – NY Daily News"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191029211527/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/exclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=EXCLUSIVE%3A+Mob+boss+rebuilding+what%27s+left+of+Bonanno+crime+family+%E2%80%93+NY+Daily+News&rft.date=2016-01-18&rft.aulast=Marzulli&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fnyc-crime%2Fexclusive-mob-boss-rebuilding-left-crime-family-article-1.2499943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-auto-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMcShane2018" class="citation web cs1">McShane, VICTORIA BEKIEMPIS, Larry (January 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152">"Acting Bonanno mob boss, high-ranking family leaders busted in racketeering takedown – NY Daily News"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190806134008/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Acting+Bonanno+mob+boss%2C+high-ranking+family+leaders+busted+in+racketeering+takedown+%E2%80%93+NY+Daily+News&rft.date=2018-01-12&rft.aulast=McShane&rft.aufirst=VICTORIA+BEKIEMPIS%2C+Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fnyc-crime%2Fsuspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Cammarano_Jr_busted_2018-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cammarano_Jr_busted_2018_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBekiempisMcShane,_Larry2018" class="citation news cs1">Bekiempis, Victoria; McShane, Larry (January 12, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152">"Acting Bonanno mob boss, high-ranking family leaders busted in racketeering takedown"</a>. NY Daily News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180115001542/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/suspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152">Archived</a> from the original on January 15, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Acting+Bonanno+mob+boss%2C+high-ranking+family+leaders+busted+in+racketeering+takedown&rft.date=2018-01-12&rft.aulast=Bekiempis&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.au=McShane%2C+Larry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fnyc-crime%2Fsuspected-bonanno-mobsters-busted-racketeering-related-charges-article-1.3753152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-acquit-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-acquit_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/13/briefing/frank-cali-gambino-shot.html">Francesco Cali, Reputed Gambino Crime Boss, Shot and Killed on Staten Island</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190317004801/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/13/briefing/frank-cali-gambino-shot.html">Archived</a> March 17, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, March 13, 2019</span>
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<li id="cite_note-DeVico_pg._174-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._174_47-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">DeVico, Peter J. <i>The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=profaci">(pg. 174)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=profaci&f=false">Archived</a> January 15, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Tate_Publishing_%26_Enterprises" title="Tate Publishing & Enterprises">Tate Publishing</a>, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-60247-254-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-60247-254-8">1-60247-254-8</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Machi-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Machi_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Machi_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Machi, Mario <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanmafia.com/Cities/New_York.html">American Mafia.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101212122211/http://www.americanmafia.com/Cities/New_York.html">Archived</a> December 12, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>New York</i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NJ_Report_1989-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NJ_Report_1989_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NJ_Report_1989_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NJ_Report_1989_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">MafiaNJ.com <i>La Cosa Nostra State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation 1989 Report.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ay26SKSQBgQC&dq=Vincent+Aloi%2C+Thomas+DiBella%2C+and+Joseph+Brancato&pg=PA17">pg.17</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131132/https://books.google.com/books?id=ay26SKSQBgQC&pg=PA17&dq=Vincent+Aloi,+Thomas+DiBella,+and+Joseph+Brancato&hl=en&ei=qxE6TbvzB4nKgQeBoNXbCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQuwUwAA#v=onepage&q=Vincent%20Aloi%2C%20Thomas%20DiBella%2C%20and%20Joseph%20Brancato&f=false">Archived</a> January 15, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-persico1-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-persico1_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff (January 6, 1981) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/06/nyregion/the-city-persico-trial-put-off-on-bribery-charges.html?sq=The+City%3B+Persico+Trial+Put+Off+On+Bribery+Charges&scp=1&st=cse">"The City; Persico Trial Put Off On Bribery Charges"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051743/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/06/nyregion/the-city-persico-trial-put-off-on-bribery-charges.html?sq=The+City%3B+Persico+Trial+Put+Off+On+Bribery+Charges&scp=1&st=cse">Archived</a> July 29, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-persico2-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-persico2_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fried, Joseph P. (November 10, 1981) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/nyregion/persico-rank-rankles-as-he-is-given-5-years.html?scp=5&sq=Carmine%20%20Persico%20five%20years&st=cse">"Persico Rank Rankles as he is Given 5 Years"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051630/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/10/nyregion/persico-rank-rankles-as-he-is-given-5-years.html?scp=5&sq=Carmine%20%20Persico%20five%20years&st=cse">Archived</a> July 29, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Maas_pg_191-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maas_pg_191_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maas_pg_191_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maas, Peter (1997) <i><a href="/wiki/Underboss:_Sammy_the_Bull_Gravano%27s_Story_of_Life_in_the_Mafia" class="mw-redirect" title="Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia">Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia</a></i> HarperCollins. pp.191-92 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0060182563" title="Special:BookSources/0060182563">0060182563</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Persico_death-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Persico_death_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Legendary-New-York-Mob-Boss-Carmine-Persico-Dead-at-Age-85-506873551.html">"Legendary New York Mob Boss Carmine Persico, Head of Colombo Family, Dead at Age 85"</a>. nbcnewyork.com. March 7, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330044320/https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Legendary-New-York-Mob-Boss-Carmine-Persico-Dead-at-Age-85-506873551.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legendary+New+York+Mob+Boss+Carmine+Persico%2C+Head+of+Colombo+Family%2C+Dead+at+Age+85&rft.pub=nbcnewyork.com&rft.date=2019-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnewyork.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2FLegendary-New-York-Mob-Boss-Carmine-Persico-Dead-at-Age-85-506873551.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Alphonse_Persico_dead-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alphonse_Persico_dead_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff (September 13, 1989) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/13/obituaries/alphonse-persico-61-is-dead-leader-of-colombo-crime-family.html?scp=1&sq=Alphonse%20Persico&st=cse">"Alphonse Persico, 61, Is Dead; Leader of Colombo Crime Family"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051810/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/13/obituaries/alphonse-persico-61-is-dead-leader-of-colombo-crime-family.html?scp=1&sq=Alphonse%20Persico&st=cse">Archived</a> July 29, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Buder, Leonard (December 19, 1987) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/19/nyregion/colombo-figure-given-25-years-on-80-charges.html?sq=Colombo+Figure+Given+25+Years+On+%2780+Charges&scp=1&st=cse">"Colombo Figure Given 25 Years On '80 Charges"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729051916/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/19/nyregion/colombo-figure-given-25-years-on-80-charges.html?sq=Colombo+Figure+Given+25+Years+On+%2780+Charges&scp=1&st=cse">Archived</a> July 29, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maas, Peter (1997) <i><a href="/wiki/Underboss:_Sammy_the_Bull_Gravano%27s_Story_of_Life_in_the_Mafia" class="mw-redirect" title="Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia">Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia</a></i>. HarperCollins. p.155 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0060182563" title="Special:BookSources/0060182563">0060182563</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raab (2006), pp.332-33</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Raab, Selwyn (December 10, 1991) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/10/nyregion/even-to-the-5-families-the-fighting-colombos-have-been-black-sheep.html?scp=2&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse">"Even to the 5 Families, the Fighting Colombos Have Been Black Sheep"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131600/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/10/nyregion/even-to-the-5-families-the-fighting-colombos-have-been-black-sheep.html?scp=2&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse">Archived</a> January 15, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Capeci_pg.386-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Capeci_pg.386_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capeci_pg.386_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Capeci (2001), pp.386-88</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-jury_tampering-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jury_tampering_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCapeci1999" class="citation news cs1">Capeci, Jerry (August 5, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/mob-boss-rips-jury-tampering-sentence-article-1.853234">"MOB BOSS RIPS JURY-TAMPERING SENTENCE"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515052158/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/mob-boss-rips-jury-tampering-sentence-article-1.853234">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=MOB+BOSS+RIPS+JURY-TAMPERING+SENTENCE&rft.date=1999-08-05&rft.aulast=Capeci&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Farchives%2Fboroughs%2Fmob-boss-rips-jury-tampering-sentence-article-1.853234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Russo_2006-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Russo_2006_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Russo_2006_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://protect.theinfo.org/pacer/ecf.nysd/12711212514.pdf">United States District Judge John F. Keenan Case 1:97-cv-08591-JFK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120319211238/http://protect.theinfo.org/pacer/ecf.nysd/12711212514.pdf">Archived</a> March 19, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (May 22, 2006)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-end_control-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-end_control_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMarzulli2009" class="citation news cs1">Marzulli, John (March 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/alphonse-persico-life-sentence-control-colombo-crime-family-article-1.370944">"Alphonse Persico life sentence may end control of Colombo crime family"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515045021/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/alphonse-persico-life-sentence-control-colombo-crime-family-article-1.370944">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Alphonse+Persico+life+sentence+may+end+control+of+Colombo+crime+family&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.aulast=Marzulli&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Falphonse-persico-life-sentence-control-colombo-crime-family-article-1.370944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Mafia_News_Today-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mafia_News_Today_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100923185208/http://mafianewstoday.com/updated-colombo-family-leadership-being-revealed">"Updated Colombo Family Leadership being revealed?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mafianewstoday.com/updated-colombo-family-leadership-being-revealed">the original</a> on September 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Updated+Colombo+Family+Leadership+being+revealed%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmafianewstoday.com%2Fupdated-colombo-family-leadership-being-revealed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Persico_life_2009-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Persico_life_2009_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo02709.htm">Colombo Organized Crime Family Acting Boss Alphonse T. Persico and Administration Member John J. Deross Sentenced to Life Imprisonment for the Murder of William "Wild Bill" Cutolo and Related Witness Tampering</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321170527/https://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo02709.htm/">Archived</a> March 21, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (February 27, 2009)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Russo_indictment_09-12-2021-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Russo_indictment_09-12-2021_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/14-defendants-indicted-including-entire-administration-colombo-organized-crime-family">"14 Defendants Indicted, Including the Entire Administration of the Colombo Organized Crime Family"</a>. <i>www.justice.gov</i>. September 14, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.justice.gov&rft.atitle=14+Defendants+Indicted%2C+Including+the+Entire+Administration+of+the+Colombo+Organized+Crime+Family&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fusao-edny%2Fpr%2F14-defendants-indicted-including-entire-administration-colombo-organized-crime-family&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:1-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFMcShane2022" class="citation web cs1">McShane, Noah Goldberg, Larry (April 20, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220420200531/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-mob-boss-death-colombo-andrew-mush-russo-20220420-ux4bwytflzh2pdtavbqmtcbohe-story.html">"Colombo family boss Andrew 'Mush' Russo dies at age 87 while awaiting federal racketeering case"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-mob-boss-death-colombo-andrew-mush-russo-20220420-ux4bwytflzh2pdtavbqmtcbohe-story.html">the original</a> on April 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Colombo+family+boss+Andrew+%27Mush%27+Russo+dies+at+age+87+while+awaiting+federal+racketeering+case&rft.date=2022-04-20&rft.aulast=McShane&rft.aufirst=Noah+Goldberg%2C+Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fnyc-crime%2Fny-mob-boss-death-colombo-andrew-mush-russo-20220420-ux4bwytflzh2pdtavbqmtcbohe-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Andrew_Russo_died-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Andrew_Russo_died_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFLawson2022" class="citation news cs1">Lawson, Kyle (April 21, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.silive.com/crime-safety/2022/04/colombo-family-boss-andrew-mush-russo-dies-at-87-while-facing-federal-charges-source.html">"Colombo don Andrew 'Mush' Russo dies at 87 while facing federal charges: Source"</a>. Staten Island Live. News Paper<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Colombo+don+Andrew+%27Mush%27+Russo+dies+at+87+while+facing+federal+charges%3A+Source&rft.date=2022-04-21&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.silive.com%2Fcrime-safety%2F2022%2F04%2Fcolombo-family-boss-andrew-mush-russo-dies-at-87-while-facing-federal-charges-source.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-sifakis-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sifakis_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSifakis2005" class="citation book cs1">Sifakis, Carl (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&q=lupo+the+wolf+black+hand&pg=PA282"><i>The Mafia Encyclopedia</i></a>. New York: Facts on File. pp. 281–282. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5694-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5694-1"><bdi>978-0-8160-5694-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034216/https://books.google.com/books?id=jgCpxTpPCPcC&q=lupo+the+wolf+black+hand&pg=PA282">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mafia+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=281-282&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5694-1&rft.aulast=Sifakis&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjgCpxTpPCPcC%26q%3Dlupo%2Bthe%2Bwolf%2Bblack%2Bhand%26pg%3DPA282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The complete idiot's guide to the Mafia</i> by Jerry Capeci <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o64XJkmUPr0C&q=Daquila">(read)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170127001810/https://books.google.com/books?id=o64XJkmUPr0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=complete+idiot's+guide+mafia&hl=en&ei=igEBTvSxNcnEgQeu-NDGDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Daquila&f=false">Archived</a> January 27, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFDash2009" class="citation book cs1">Dash, Mike (August 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5RFlhpP2GxcC&q=Salvatore++D%27Aquila&pg=PP23"><i>The first family: terror, extortion, revenge, murder, and the birth of the American Mafia</i></a>. Random House Publishing. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781588368638" title="Special:BookSources/9781588368638"><bdi>9781588368638</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034236/https://books.google.com/books?id=5RFlhpP2GxcC&q=Salvatore++D%27Aquila&pg=PP23">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+first+family%3A+terror%2C+extortion%2C+revenge%2C+murder%2C+and+the+birth+of+the+American+Mafia&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Random+House+Publishing&rft.date=2009-08-04&rft.isbn=9781588368638&rft.aulast=Dash&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5RFlhpP2GxcC%26q%3DSalvatore%2B%2BD%2527Aquila%26pg%3DPP23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Crime: Computer Viruses to Twin Towers</i> by H. Thomas Milhorn <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ipvh76CryVoC&dq=salvatore+d%27aquila&pg=PA218">(pg.218)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170124181814/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ipvh76CryVoC&pg=PA218&dq=salvatore+d'aquila&hl=en&ei=wQEBTuztAYLTgQfTuIjZDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=salvatore%20d'aquila&f=false">Archived</a> January 24, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCapeci2004" class="citation web cs1">Capeci, Jerry (March 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ganglandnews.com/members/column375.htm">"Gang Land News: America's Expert on the American Mafia (paid subscription site)"</a>. <i>www.ganglandnews.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034220/https://www.ganglandnews.com/ppSD2/login.php?ssg=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganglandnews.com%2Fmembers%2Fcolumn375.htm%3F">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ganglandnews.com&rft.atitle=Gang+Land+News%3A+America%27s+Expert+on+the+American+Mafia+%28paid+subscription+site%29&rft.date=2004-03-25&rft.aulast=Capeci&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganglandnews.com%2Fmembers%2Fcolumn375.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCapeci2005" class="citation web cs1">Capeci, Jerry (December 15, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ganglandnews.com/members/column463.htm">"Gang Land News: America's Expert on the American Mafia (paid subscription site)"</a>. <i>www.ganglandnews.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210127034239/https://www.ganglandnews.com/ppSD2/login.php?ssg=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganglandnews.com%2Fmembers%2Fcolumn463.htm%3F">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ganglandnews.com&rft.atitle=Gang+Land+News%3A+America%27s+Expert+on+the+American+Mafia+%28paid+subscription+site%29&rft.date=2005-12-15&rft.aulast=Capeci&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganglandnews.com%2Fmembers%2Fcolumn463.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nydn210815-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nydn210815_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/staten-island-mobster-takes-gambino-leadership-report-article-1.2332886">Staten Island mobster takes Gambino leadership: report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151220101838/http://m.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/staten-island-mobster-takes-gambino-leadership-report-article-1.2332886">Archived</a> December 20, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, New York Daily News, August 21, 2015</span>
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<li id="cite_note-lore-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lore_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usworldherald.com/gambino-crime-family-new-boss/">"Gambino crime family has a new boss"</a>. <i>The US World Herald</i>. May 12, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206222348/https://www.usworldherald.com/gambino-crime-family-new-boss/">Archived</a> from the original on December 6, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+US+World+Herald&rft.atitle=Gambino+crime+family+has+a+new+boss&rft.date=2019-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usworldherald.com%2Fgambino-crime-family-new-boss%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/sv/article/5gqpzk/the-strange-saga-of-the-odd-father-the-mob-boss-who-faked-mental-illness">"The Strange Saga of the 'Odd Father,' the Mob Boss Who Faked Mental Illness"</a>. <i>Vice</i>. May 17, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421031548/https://www.vice.com/sv/article/5gqpzk/the-strange-saga-of-the-odd-father-the-mob-boss-who-faked-mental-illness">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=The+Strange+Saga+of+the+%27Odd+Father%2C%27+the+Mob+Boss+Who+Faked+Mental+Illness&rft.date=2016-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fsv%2Farticle%2F5gqpzk%2Fthe-strange-saga-of-the-odd-father-the-mob-boss-who-faked-mental-illness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mob-justice-year-violence-gangland-article-1.814414">"Mob justice: A year of violence in gangland"</a>. Jay Maeder. New York Daily News. August 14, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421030947/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/mob-justice-year-violence-gangland-article-1.814414">Archived</a> from the original on April 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mob+justice%3A+A+year+of+violence+in+gangland&rft.date=2017-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fmob-justice-year-violence-gangland-article-1.814414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRaab1995" class="citation news cs1">Raab, Selwyn (September 3, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/03/nyregion/with-gotti-away-the-genoveses-succeed-the-leaderless-gambinos.html?scp=6&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse">"With Gotti Away, the Genoveses Succeed the Leaderless Gambinos"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130522160034/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/03/nyregion/with-gotti-away-the-genoveses-succeed-the-leaderless-gambinos.html?scp=6&sq=Carmine%20Persico&st=cse">Archived</a> from the original on May 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=With+Gotti+Away%2C+the+Genoveses+Succeed+the+Leaderless+Gambinos&rft.date=1995-09-03&rft.aulast=Raab&rft.aufirst=Selwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F09%2F03%2Fnyregion%2Fwith-gotti-away-the-genoveses-succeed-the-leaderless-gambinos.html%3Fscp%3D6%26sq%3DCarmine%2520Persico%26st%3Dcse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.scotsman.com/organisedcrime/Charges-against-mob-boss-show.3290872.jp">Charges against mob boss show Mafia alive and well in New York</a>", June 1, 2007</span>
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<li id="cite_note-DeVico_pg._175-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeVico_pg._175_81-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">DeVico, Peter J. <i>The Mafia Made Easy: The Anatomy and Culture of La Cosa Nostra.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&q=Gagliano">(pg. 175)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115131342/https://books.google.com/books?id=vyIXw1oq56YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+mafia+made+easy&source=bl&ots=My6-LSceat&sig=UM7_ryBaRnDAAiLuvd-HhDUFAng&hl=en&ei=n5viTPfiDMWqlAexrIn3Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&sqi=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gagliano&f=false">Archived</a> January 15, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Tate_Publishing_%26_Enterprises" title="Tate Publishing & Enterprises">Tate Publishing</a>, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-60247-254-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-60247-254-8">1-60247-254-8</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onewal.com/a010/f_tommylucchese.html">"White-Collar Mafioso: Tommy Lucchese (1899–1967)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115183807/http://www.onewal.com/a010/f_tommylucchese.html">Archived</a> January 15, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> By Thomas Hunt Onewal.com</span>
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<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/articles/Tommy-Lucchese-328760">"Tommy Lucchese Biography"</a> Bio website</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Harrell-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harrell_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harrell, G.T. <i>For Members Only: The Story of the Mob's Secret Judge.</i> Arthur House Publishing, 2009 (pg 99-101)</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Gaspipe_pg.296-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaspipe_pg.296_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Carlo. <i>Gaspipe: Confessions of a Mafia Boss</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&dq=Vic+Amuso+made+boss&pg=PA296">(pg.296)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201131700/https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&pg=PA296&dq=Vic+Amuso+made+boss&hl=en&ei=JogrTbaoMYT6lwfl75S3AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Vic%20Amuso%20made%20boss&f=false">Archived</a> February 1, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Gaspipe_p.246-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gaspipe_p.246_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carlo, Philip <i>Gaspipe: Confessions of a Mafia Boss</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&q=Amuso+life+sentence&pg=PA224">p. 246</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316031536/https://books.google.com/books?id=yrcsp_w8MeAC&pg=PA224&dq=Windows+case+1991+Amuso&hl=en&ei=ihllTuGEPMXE0AHTrICrCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Amuso%20life%20sentence&f=false">Archived</a> March 16, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-D'Arco_Declaration-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-D'Arco_Declaration_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laborers.org/DARCO.html">"Declaration of Alphonse D'Arco</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115183816/http://www.laborers.org/DARCO.html">Archived</a> January 15, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by Allan N. Taffet</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFGearty2002" class="citation news cs1">Gearty, Robert (October 23, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/luchese-ex-boss-singing-feds-article-1.496269">"Luchese Ex-Boss Singing for Feds"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201220652/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/luchese-ex-boss-singing-feds-article-1.496269">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 13,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Luchese+Ex-Boss+Singing+for+Feds&rft.date=2002-10-23&rft.aulast=Gearty&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Farchives%2Fboroughs%2Fluchese-ex-boss-singing-feds-article-1.496269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-construction-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-construction_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsn.org/ny_%20indictments_press_release.htm">"Construction Indictments"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308050328/http://www.ipsn.org/ny_%20indictments_press_release.htm">Archived</a> March 8, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> District Attorney New York County Press release September 6, 2000</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Indictment_2017-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Indictment_2017_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Attorney’s_Office_Southern_District_of_New_York2017" class="citation news cs1">United States Attorney’s Office Southern District of New York (May 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/alleged-street-boss-and-underboss-la-cosa-nostra-family-charged-murder-and-racketering">"Alleged Street Boss And Underboss Of La Cosa Nostra Family Charged With Murder And Racketering Offenses In White Plains Federal Court"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705210137/https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/alleged-street-boss-and-underboss-la-cosa-nostra-family-charged-murder-and-racketering">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Alleged+Street+Boss+And+Underboss+Of+La+Cosa+Nostra+Family+Charged+With+Murder+And+Racketering+Offenses+In+White+Plains+Federal+Court&rft.date=2017-05-31&rft.au=United+States+Attorney%E2%80%99s+Office+Southern+District+of+New+York&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fusao-sdny%2Fpr%2Falleged-street-boss-and-underboss-la-cosa-nostra-family-charged-murder-and-racketering&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Daily_News_2017-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Daily_News_2017_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2017" class="citation news cs1">Jacobs, Shayna (May 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/luchese-bosses-19-cuffed-massive-new-york-mob-takedown-article-1.3209306">"Luchese bosses among 15 cuffed in massive New York mob takedown"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170603042701/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/luchese-bosses-19-cuffed-massive-new-york-mob-takedown-article-1.3209306">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Luchese+bosses+among+15+cuffed+in+massive+New+York+mob+takedown&rft.date=2017-05-31&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Shayna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnew-york%2Fnyc-crime%2Fluchese-bosses-19-cuffed-massive-new-york-mob-takedown-article-1.3209306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Post_2017_p2-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Post_2017_p2_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFWhitehouse2017" class="citation news cs1">Whitehouse, Kaja (May 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2017/05/31/nearly-two-dozen-lucchese-crime-family-members-arrested/">"Nearly two dozen Lucchese crime family members arrested"</a>. New York Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170604044246/http://nypost.com/2017/05/31/nearly-two-dozen-lucchese-crime-family-members-arrested/">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nearly+two+dozen+Lucchese+crime+family+members+arrested&rft.date=2017-05-31&rft.aulast=Whitehouse&rft.aufirst=Kaja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2017%2F05%2F31%2Fnearly-two-dozen-lucchese-crime-family-members-arrested%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Amuso's_Orders_2017-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amuso's_Orders_2017_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amuso's_Orders_2017_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCapeci2019" class="citation news cs1">Capeci, Jerry (May 30, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2019/05/30/lucheses-leadership-changed-hands-in-bloodless-coup-orchestrated-from-prison/">"Lucheses leadership changed hands in bloodless coup orchestrated from prison"</a>. <i>New York Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190531140919/https://nypost.com/2019/05/30/lucheses-leadership-changed-hands-in-bloodless-coup-orchestrated-from-prison/">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Post&rft.atitle=Lucheses+leadership+changed+hands+in+bloodless+coup+orchestrated+from+prison&rft.date=2019-05-30&rft.aulast=Capeci&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnypost.com%2F2019%2F05%2F30%2Flucheses-leadership-changed-hands-in-bloodless-coup-orchestrated-from-prison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Five_Families&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFRaab,_Selwyn2006" class="citation book cs1">Raab, Selwyn (2006). <i>Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires</i>. New York: St. Martins Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resurgence+of+America%27s+Most+Powerful+Mafia+Empires&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martins+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Raab%2C+Selwyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFive+Families" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_Mafia_crime_families" title="List of Italian Mafia crime families">List of Mafia crime families</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_bibliography" title="Mafia bibliography">Mafia bibliography</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crime_family" title="Crime family">Families</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Five Families</a> of<br />New York City</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotroni_crime_family" title="Cotroni crime family">Calabrian group</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Motion_Lounge" title="The Motion Lounge">Motion Lounge crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rizzuto_crime_family" title="Rizzuto crime family">Sicilian group</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Crew" title="Baltimore Crew">Baltimore Crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_Park_Boys" title="Ozone Park Boys">Ozone Park Boys</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/116th_Street_Crew" title="116th Street Crew">116th Street Crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Mob" title="Broadway Mob">Broadway Mob</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village_Crew" title="Greenwich Village Crew">Greenwich Village Crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family_New_Jersey_faction" title="Genovese crime family New Jersey faction">New Jersey faction</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><b><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family_New_Jersey_faction" title="Lucchese crime family New Jersey faction">Jersey Crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tanglewood_Boys" title="Tanglewood Boys">Tanglewood Boys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family%27s_Brooklyn_faction" title="Lucchese crime family's Brooklyn faction">Vario Crew</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">East Coast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_crime_family" title="Buffalo crime family">Buffalo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DeCavalcante_crime_family" title="DeCavalcante crime family">DeCavalcante</a> (Northern New Jersey)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Patriarca_crime_family" title="Patriarca crime family">Patriarca (New England)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Angiulo_brothers" title="Angiulo brothers">Angiulo's Boston crew</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_crime_family" title="Philadelphia crime family">Philadelphia</a> (<a href="/wiki/10th_%26_Oregon_Crew" title="10th & Oregon Crew">10th & Oregon Crew</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Midwestern/Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Partnership" title="Detroit Partnership">Detroit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_crime_family" title="Kansas City crime family">Kansas City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_crime_family" title="Los Angeles crime family">Los Angeles</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Mostly defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bufalino_crime_family" title="Bufalino crime family">Bufalino</a> (Northeastern Pennsylvania)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_crime_family" title="Cleveland crime family">Cleveland</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_crime_family" title="Colorado crime family">Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_crime_family" title="Dallas crime family">Dallas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Genna_crime_family" title="Genna crime family">Genna</a> (Chicago)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maceo_Organization" title="Maceo Organization">Galveston</a> (Houston)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Lanzetta_Brothers" title="The Lanzetta Brothers">Lanzetta</a> (Philadelphia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Morello_crime_family" title="Morello crime family">Morello</a> (Italian Harlem)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/D%27Aquila_crime_family" title="D'Aquila crime family">D'Aquila</a> (Little Italy, Manhattan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_crime_family" title="New Orleans crime family">New Orleans</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_crime_family" title="Milwaukee crime family">Milwaukee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_crime_family" title="Pittsburgh crime family">Pittsburgh</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_crime_family" title="Rochester crime family">Rochester</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_crime_family" title="San Francisco crime family">San Francisco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_crime_family" title="San Jose crime family">San Jose</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_crime_family" title="Seattle crime family">Seattle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_crime_family" title="St. Louis crime family">St. Louis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trafficante_crime_family" title="Trafficante crime family">Trafficante</a> (Florida)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chain of command</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Commission_(American_Mafia)" title="The Commission (American Mafia)">The Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crime_boss" title="Crime boss">Boss</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Underboss" title="Underboss">Underboss</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Consigliere" title="Consigliere">Consigliere</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caporegime" title="Caporegime">Caporegime</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soldato" title="Soldato">Soldato</a></li>
<li>Associate</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Members (<i><a href="/wiki/Made_man" title="Made man">made men</a></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian-American_mobsters" title="List of Italian-American mobsters">List of Italian-American mobsters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian-American_mobsters_by_organization" title="List of Italian-American mobsters by organization">List of Italian-American mobsters by organization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Mafia-related_words" title="Glossary of Mafia-related words">Terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Initiation_ritual_(mafia)" title="Initiation ritual (mafia)">Initiation ritual</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Made_man" title="Made man">Made man</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bagman" title="Bagman">Bagman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hand_(extortion)" title="Black Hand (extortion)">Black Hand</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hand_(Chicago)" title="Black Hand (Chicago)">Black Hand in Chicago</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Feud" title="Feud">Vendetta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Capo_dei_capi" title="Capo dei capi">Capo dei capi</a> (boss of bosses)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mustache_Pete" title="Mustache Pete">Mustache Pete</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Omert%C3%A0" title="Omertà">Omertà</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/One-way_ride" title="One-way ride">One-way ride</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Family" title="Sixth Family">Sixth Family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zips" title="Zips">Zips</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Meetings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_Conference" title="Atlantic City Conference">Atlantic City Conference</a> (1929)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Havana_Conference" title="Havana Conference">Havana Conference</a> (1946)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Apalachin_meeting" title="Apalachin meeting">Apalachin meeting</a> (1957)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_et_des_Palmes_Mafia_meeting" title="Grand Hotel et des Palmes Mafia meeting">Palermo Mafia summit</a> (1957)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Hearings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Crime_in_Interstate_Commerce" title="United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce">Kefauver Committee</a> (1950–1951)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Valachi_hearings" title="Valachi hearings">Valachi hearings</a> (1963)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafia%E2%80%93Camorra_War" title="Mafia–Camorra War">Mafia–Camorra War</a> (1914–1917)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a> (1929–1931)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Connection_Trial" title="Pizza Connection Trial">Pizza Connection Trial</a> (1985–1987)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_Commission_Trial" title="Mafia Commission Trial">Mafia Commission Trial</a> (1985–1986)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closely related<br />and affiliated<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">Camorra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commisso_%27ndrina" title="Commisso 'ndrina">Commisso 'ndrina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cotroni_crime_family" title="Cotroni crime family">Cotroni crime family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Battle_Sr." title="José Miguel Battle Sr.">The Corporation or Cuban Mafia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cuntrera-Caruana_Mafia_clan" title="Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan">Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inzerillo_Mafia_clan" title="Inzerillo Mafia clan">Inzerillo Mafia clan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_organized_crime" title="Jewish-American organized crime">Jewish Mafia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Luppino_crime_family" title="Luppino crime family">Luppino crime family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Musitano_crime_family" title="Musitano crime family">Musitano crime family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%27Ndrangheta" title="'Ndrangheta">'Ndrangheta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Papalia_crime_family" title="Papalia crime family">Papalia crime family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Greek_Mob" title="Philadelphia Greek Mob">Philadelphia Greek Mob</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rizzuto_crime_family" title="Rizzuto crime family">Rizzuto crime family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sacra_Corona_Unita" title="Sacra Corona Unita">Sacra Corona Unita</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Mafia" title="Sicilian Mafia">Sicilian Mafia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Siderno_Group" title="Siderno Group">Siderno Group</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Brooklyn_Boys" title="South Brooklyn Boys">South Brooklyn Boys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stidda" title="Stidda">Stidda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Unione_Corse" title="Unione Corse">Unione Corse</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Velentzas_Organization" title="Velentzas Organization">Velentzas Organization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_Gang" title="Winter Hill Gang">Winter Hill Gang</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Mob" title="Broadway Mob">Broadway Mob</a> (Originally Jewish and Italian; absorbed by Genovese family)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bugs_and_Meyer_Mob" title="Bugs and Meyer Mob">Bugs and Meyer Mob</a> (Jewish, absorbed by Murder Inc.)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bumpy_Johnson" title="Bumpy Johnson">Bumpy Johnson gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Camorra_in_New_York_City" title="Camorra in New York City">New York Camorra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_crime_family" title="Los Angeles crime family">Los Angeles crime family</a> (Both an American Mafia and Jewish Mafia family)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Council_(drug_syndicate)" title="The Council (drug syndicate)">The Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Schultz" title="Dutch Schultz">Dutch Schultz Mob</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Harlem_Purple_Gang" title="East Harlem Purple Gang">East Harlem Purple Gang</a> (Semi-independent, most closely affiliated with Genovese family)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Five_Points_Gang" title="Five Points Gang">Five Points Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forty-Two_Gang" title="Forty-Two Gang">Forty-Two Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_National_Union" title="Italian-American National Union">Italian-American National Union</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marat_Balagula" title="Marat Balagula">Marat Balagula</a> gang (<a href="/wiki/Russian_mafia" title="Russian mafia">Russian mafia</a>, affiliated with Lucchese)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Murder,_Inc." title="Murder, Inc.">Murder, Inc.</a> (Italian and Jewish, closely affiliated with or part of the American Mafia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Syndicate" title="National Crime Syndicate">National Crime Syndicate</a> (Mostly Italian and Jewish)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rudaj_Organization" title="Rudaj Organization">Rudaj Organization</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_mafia" title="Albanian mafia">Albanian mafia</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tanglewood_Boys" title="Tanglewood Boys">Tanglewood Boys</a> (Semi-independent Italian-American gang, affiliated with Lucchese family)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westies" title="Westies">Westies</a> (largely defunct)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Government<br />operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaborations_between_the_United_States_government_and_Italian_Mafia" title="Collaborations between the United States government and Italian Mafia">Collaborations between the United States government and Italian Mafia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Family_Secrets" title="Operation Family Secrets">Operation Family Secrets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Old_Bridge" title="Operation Old Bridge">Operation Old Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solare" title="Operation Solare">Operation Solare</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Underworld" title="Operation Underworld">Operation Underworld</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wasteland" title="Operation Wasteland">Operation Wasteland</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Crimes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Connection" title="French Connection">French Connection</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hired_Truck_Program" title="Hired Truck Program">Hired Truck Program</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_heist" title="Lufthansa heist">Lufthansa heist</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine%27s_Day_Massacre" title="Saint Valentine's Day Massacre">Saint Valentine's Day Massacre</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_murder" title="Barrel murder">Barrel murder</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buster_from_Chicago" title="Buster from Chicago">Buster from Chicago</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cement_shoes" title="Cement shoes">Cement shoes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_Man" title="Shotgun Man">Shotgun Man</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_Mafia" title="Category:American Mafia">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bonanno_crime_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bonanno_crime_family" title="Template:Bonanno crime family"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bonanno_crime_family" title="Template talk:Bonanno crime family"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bonanno_crime_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bonanno crime family"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bonanno_crime_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno crime family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bosses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_DiGaetano" title="Sebastiano DiGaetano">Sebastiano DiGaetano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicolo_Schiro" title="Nicolo Schiro">Nicolo Schiro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Maranzano" title="Salvatore Maranzano">Salvatore Maranzano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonanno" title="Joseph Bonanno">Joseph Bonanno</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_DiGregorio" title="Gaspar DiGregorio">Gaspar DiGregorio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sciacca" title="Paul Sciacca">Paul Sciacca</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Natale_Evola" title="Natale Evola">Natale Evola</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Galante" title="Carmine Galante">Carmine Galante</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rastelli" title="Philip Rastelli">Philip Rastelli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Massino" title="Joseph Massino">Joseph Massino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mancuso" title="Michael Mancuso">Michael Mancuso</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Attanasio" title="Louis Attanasio">Louis Attanasio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Badalamenti" title="Vincent Badalamenti">Vincent Badalamenti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Basciano" title="Vincent Basciano">Vincent Basciano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Criscitelli" title="Perry Criscitelli">Perry Criscitelli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Indelicato" title="Anthony Indelicato">Anthony Indelicato</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pitera" title="Thomas Pitera">Thomas Pitera</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Zancocchio" title="John Zancocchio">John Zancocchio</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Made men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Asaro" title="Vincent Asaro">Vincent Asaro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Bonanno" title="Salvatore Bonanno">Salvatore Bonanno</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Bonventre" title="Cesare Bonventre">Cesare Bonventre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bonventre" title="Giovanni Bonventre">Giovanni Bonventre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vito_Bonventre" title="Vito Bonventre">Vito Bonventre</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_DeFilippo" title="Patrick DeFilippo">Patrick DeFilippo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Embarrato" title="Alfred Embarrato">Alfred Embarrato</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Giaccone" title="Philip Giaccone">Philip Giaccone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Graziano" title="Anthony Graziano">Anthony Graziano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Indelicato" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphonse Indelicato">Alphonse Indelicato</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_LiCastri" class="mw-redirect" title="Paolo LiCastri">Paolo LiCastri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Marangello" title="Nicholas Marangello">Nicholas Marangello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Mirra" title="Anthony Mirra">Anthony Mirra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Montagna" title="Salvatore Montagna">Salvatore Montagna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_Napolitano" title="Dominick Napolitano">Dominick Napolitano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Ruggiero" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Ruggiero">Benjamin Ruggiero</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sabella" title="Michael Sabella">Michael Sabella</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Santora" title="Nicholas Santora">Nicholas Santora</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gerlando_Sciascia" title="Gerlando Sciascia">Gerlando Sciascia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Spero" title="Anthony Spero">Anthony Spero</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Tartamella" title="John Tartamella">John Tartamella</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tomasulo" title="Antonio Tomasulo">Antonio Tomasulo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_Trinchera" title="Dominick Trinchera">Dominick Trinchera</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cotroni" title="Frank Cotroni">Frank Cotroni</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Cotroni" title="Vincenzo Cotroni">Vincenzo Cotroni</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Costabile_Farace" title="Costabile Farace">Costabile Farace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Perrino" title="Robert Perrino">Robert Perrino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicolo_Rizzuto" title="Nicolo Rizzuto">Nicolo Rizzuto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vito_Rizzuto" title="Vito Rizzuto">Vito Rizzuto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Violi" title="Paolo Violi">Paolo Violi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Informants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Borrello" title="Gene Borrello">Gene Borrello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cantarella" title="Richard Cantarella">Richard Cantarella</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Coppa" title="Frank Coppa">Frank Coppa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D%27Amico" title="Joseph D'Amico">Joseph D'Amico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lino" title="Frank Lino">Frank Lino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Massino" title="Joseph Massino">Joseph Massino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Vitale" title="Salvatore Vitale">Salvatore Vitale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Wean" title="Raymond Wean">Raymond Wean</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions and crews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotroni_crime_family" title="Cotroni crime family">Cotroni family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Harlem_Purple_Gang" title="East Harlem Purple Gang">Purple Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rizzuto_crime_family" title="Rizzuto crime family">Rizzuto family</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hearings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Crime_in_Interstate_Commerce" title="United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce">Kefauver Committee</a> (1950–1951)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Valachi_hearings" title="Valachi hearings">Valachi hearings</a> (1963)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Motion_Lounge" title="The Motion Lounge">The Motion Lounge</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Connection_Trial" title="Pizza Connection Trial">The Pizza Connection Trial</a> (1985–1986)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_Commission_Trial" title="Mafia Commission Trial">Mafia Commission Trial</a> (1986)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a> (1929–1931)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relation to other groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Allies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_crime_family" title="Buffalo crime family">Buffalo family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago Outfit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DeCavalcante_crime_family" title="DeCavalcante crime family">DeCavalcante family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_crime_family" title="Milwaukee crime family">Milwaukee family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_crime_family" title="Rochester crime family">Rochester family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_crime_family" title="San Francisco crime family">San Francisco family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_crime_family" title="San Jose crime family">San Jose family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trafficante_crime_family" title="Trafficante crime family">Trafficante family</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Pistone#Operation_Donnie_Brasco_(1976–1981)" title="Joseph D. Pistone">Operation Donnie Brasco</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Pistone" title="Joseph D. Pistone">Joseph D. Pistone</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Donnie_Brasco:_My_Undercover_Life_in_the_Mafia" title="Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia">Donnie Brasco: My Undercover Life in the Mafia</a></i> (1988 book)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_of_the_Wiseguy" title="The Way of the Wiseguy">The Way of the Wiseguy</a></i> (2004 book)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donnie_Brasco_(film)" title="Donnie Brasco (film)"><i>Donnie Brasco</i> (film)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colombo_crime_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colombo_crime_family" title="Template:Colombo crime family"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colombo_crime_family" title="Template talk:Colombo crime family"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colombo_crime_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colombo crime family"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colombo_crime_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo crime family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bosses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Profaci" title="Joe Profaci">Joe Profaci</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Magliocco" title="Joseph Magliocco">Joseph Magliocco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Colombo" title="Joseph Colombo">Joseph Colombo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Persico" title="Carmine Persico">Carmine Persico</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Aloi" title="Vincenzo Aloi">Vincenzo Aloi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Cacace" title="Joel Cacace">Joel Cacace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_DeRoss" title="John DeRoss">John DeRoss</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gioeli" title="Thomas Gioeli">Thomas Gioeli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Orena" title="Victor Orena">Victor Orena</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Persico" title="Alphonse Persico">Alphonse Persico</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Made men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Abbatemarco" title="Frank Abbatemarco">Frank Abbatemarco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Aloi" title="Benedetto Aloi">Benedetto Aloi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_Cataldo" title="Dominick Cataldo">Dominick Cataldo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/William_Cutolo" title="William Cutolo">William Cutolo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiBella" title="Thomas DiBella">Thomas DiBella</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Franzese" class="mw-redirect" title="John Franzese">John Franzese</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Gallo" title="Joe Gallo">Joe Gallo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gennaro_Langella" title="Gennaro Langella">Gennaro Langella</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Panarella" title="Charles Panarella">Charles Panarella</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Peraino" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Peraino">Anthony Peraino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Scopo" title="Ralph Scopo">Ralph Scopo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bianco" title="Nicholas Bianco">Nicholas Bianco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallo" title="Albert Gallo">Albert Gallo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lenny_Montana" title="Lenny Montana">Lenny Montana</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Informant" title="Informant">Informants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arlyne_Brickman" title="Arlyne Brickman">Arlyne Brickman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cantalupo" title="Joseph Cantalupo">Joseph Cantalupo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Franzese_Jr." title="John Franzese Jr.">John Franzese Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Franzese" title="Michael Franzese">Michael Franzese</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Gallo" title="Kenny Gallo">Kenny Gallo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Paciello" title="Chris Paciello">Chris Paciello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Scarpa" title="Gregory Scarpa">Gregory Scarpa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Sessa" title="Carmine Sessa">Carmine Sessa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">FBI agent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lindley_DeVecchio" title="Lindley DeVecchio">Lindley DeVecchio</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hearings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Crime_in_Interstate_Commerce" title="United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce">Kefauver Committee</a> (1950–1951)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Valachi_hearings" title="Valachi hearings">Valachi hearings</a> (1963)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_Commission_Trial" title="Mafia Commission Trial">Mafia Commission Trial</a> (1986)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Venero_Mangano" title="Venero Mangano">Window Case</a> (1991)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a> (1929–1931)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relation to other groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Allies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_crime_family" title="Buffalo crime family">Buffalo family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago Outfit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DeCavalcante_crime_family" title="DeCavalcante crime family">DeCavalcante family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Patriarca_crime_family" title="Patriarca crime family">Patriarca family</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gambino_crime_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gambino_crime_family" title="Template:Gambino crime family"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gambino_crime_family" title="Template talk:Gambino crime family"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gambino_crime_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gambino crime family"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gambino_crime_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino crime family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bosses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_D%27Aquila" title="Salvatore D'Aquila">Salvatore D'Aquila</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mineo" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Mineo">Manfredi Mineo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Scalice" title="Frank Scalice">Francesco Scalice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Mangano" title="Vincent Mangano">Vincenzo Mangano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Anastasia" title="Albert Anastasia">Albert Anastasia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gambino" title="Carlo Gambino">Carlo Gambino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Castellano" title="Paul Castellano">Paul Castellano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Gotti" title="John Gotti">John Gotti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Gotti" title="Peter Gotti">Peter Gotti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Cefal%C3%B9" title="Domenico Cefalù">Domenico Cefalù</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Cali" title="Frank Cali">Frank Cali</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Agnello" title="Carmine Agnello">Carmine Agnello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cacciopoli" title="Thomas Cacciopoli">Thomas Cacciopoli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Carneglia" title="John Carneglia">John Carneglia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Conte" title="Pasquale Conte">Pasquale Conte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Corozzo" title="Joseph Corozzo">Joseph Corozzo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Corozzo" title="Nicholas Corozzo">Nicholas Corozzo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_DiMaria" title="Leonard DiMaria">Leonard DiMaria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Gambino" title="Rosario Gambino">Rosario Gambino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Gotti" title="Gene Gotti">Gene Gotti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_G._Gotti" title="Richard G. Gotti">Richard G. Gotti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_V._Gotti" title="Richard V. Gotti">Richard V. Gotti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Isgro" title="Joe Isgro">Joe Isgro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Juliano" title="Joseph Juliano">Joseph Juliano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_LoCascio" title="Salvatore LoCascio">Salvatore LoCascio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Marino" title="Daniel Marino">Daniel Marino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Martino" title="Richard Martino">Richard Martino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_Pizzonia" title="Dominick Pizzonia">Dominick Pizzonia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Sciandra" title="Carmine Sciandra">Carmine Sciandra</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Trucchio" title="Ronnie Trucchio">Ronnie Trucchio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Vallario" title="Louis Vallario">Louis Vallario</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Made men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Agro" title="Thomas Agro">Thomas Agro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Anastasio" title="Anthony Anastasio">Anthony Anastasio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Armone" title="Joseph Armone">Joseph Armone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Armone" title="Stephen Armone">Stephen Armone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/William_Bentvena" title="William Bentvena">William Bentvena</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bilotti" title="Thomas Bilotti">Thomas Bilotti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Biondo" title="Joseph Biondo">Joseph Biondo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_Boriello" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartholomew Boriello">Bartholomew Boriello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Corsaro" title="Samuel Corsaro">Samuel Corsaro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_D%27Amico" title="Jackie D'Amico">Jackie D'Amico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_DeCicco" title="Frank DeCicco">Frank DeCicco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_DeCicco" title="George DeCicco">George DeCicco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aniello_Dellacroce" title="Aniello Dellacroce">Aniello Dellacroce</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roy_DeMeo" title="Roy DeMeo">Roy DeMeo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_DePalma" title="Gregory DePalma">Gregory DePalma</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_DiBernardo" title="Robert DiBernardo">Robert DiBernardo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Failla" title="James Failla">James Failla</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Fatico" title="Carmine Fatico">Carmine Fatico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Gaggi" title="Anthony Gaggi">Anthony Gaggi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_N._Gallo" title="Joseph N. Gallo">Joseph N. Gallo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Gambino" title="John Gambino">John Gambino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gambino" title="Thomas Gambino">Thomas Gambino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Gotti" title="John A. Gotti">John A. Gotti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Grammauta" title="Stephen Grammauta">Stephen Grammauta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_LoCascio" title="Frank LoCascio">Frank LoCascio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Lombardozzi" title="Carmine Lombardozzi">Carmine Lombardozzi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_LoPiccolo_(organized_crime)" title="Joseph LoPiccolo (organized crime)">Joseph LoPiccolo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Mangano" title="Philip Mangano">Philip Mangano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Megale" title="Anthony Megale">Anthony Megale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paruta" title="Joseph Paruta">Joseph Paruta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Piccolo" title="Frank Piccolo">Frank Piccolo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/George_Remini" title="George Remini">George Remini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ricco" title="Louis Ricco">Louis Ricco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Ruggiero" title="Angelo Ruggiero">Angelo Ruggiero</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Scala" title="Salvatore Scala">Salvatore Scala</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Scotto" title="Anthony Scotto">Anthony Scotto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Squillante" title="James Squillante">James Squillante</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Squitieri" title="Arnold Squitieri">Arnold Squitieri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Trentacosta" title="Anthony Trentacosta">Anthony Trentacosta</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Amato" title="Frank Amato">Frank Amato</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Basciano" title="Richard Basciano">Richard Basciano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Coonan" title="James Coonan">James Coonan</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_DeBatt" title="Michael DeBatt">Michael DeBatt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Ferrante" title="Louis Ferrante">Louis Ferrante</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Garafola" title="Eddie Garafola">Eddie Garafola</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuklinski" title="Richard Kuklinski">Richard Kuklinski</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mormando" title="Nicholas Mormando">Nicholas Mormando</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Rampino" title="Tony Rampino">Tony Rampino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Roberts" title="Jon Roberts">Jon Roberts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Scibetta" title="Nicholas Scibetta">Nicholas Scibetta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sclafani" title="Augustus Sclafani">Augustus Sclafani</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Sturman" title="Reuben Sturman">Reuben Sturman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Thevis" title="Michael Thevis">Michael Thevis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Watts" title="Joe Watts">Joe Watts</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Informants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Alite" title="John Alite">John Alite</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Primo_Cassarino" title="Primo Cassarino">Primo Cassarino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_DiLeonardo" title="Michael DiLeonardo">Michael DiLeonardo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Gravano" title="Sammy Gravano">Salvatore Gravano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Iannuzzi" title="Joseph Iannuzzi">Joseph Iannuzzi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wilfred_Johnson" title="Wilfred Johnson">Wilfred Johnson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_LoFaro" title="Dominick LoFaro">Dominick LoFaro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_Montiglio" title="Dominick Montiglio">Dominick Montiglio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mormando" title="Robert Mormando">Robert Mormando</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_D._Romano" title="Salvatore D. Romano">Salvatore Romano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vollaro" title="Joseph Vollaro">Joseph Vollaro</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions and crews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_Park_Boys" title="Ozone Park Boys">Ozone Park Boys</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_DeMeo#Gambino_family" title="Roy DeMeo">DeMeo crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Crew" title="Baltimore Crew">Baltimore Crew</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">FBI operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22Jack%22_Garc%C3%ADa#Operation_Jack_Falcone" title="Joaquín "Jack" García">Operation Jack Falcone</a> (2002–2005)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Old_Bridge" title="Operation Old Bridge">Operation Old Bridge</a> (2008)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hearings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Crime_in_Interstate_Commerce" title="United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce">Kefauver Committee</a> (1950–1951)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Valachi_hearings" title="Valachi hearings">Valachi hearings</a> (1963)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bergin_Hunt_and_Fish_Club" title="Bergin Hunt and Fish Club">Bergin Hunt and Fish Club</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ravenite_Social_Club" title="Ravenite Social Club">Ravenite Social Club</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Plaza_Suite" title="The Plaza Suite">The Plaza Suite</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Connection_Trial" title="Pizza Connection Trial">Pizza Connection Trial</a> (1985–1986)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_Commission_Trial" title="Mafia Commission Trial">Mafia Commission Trial</a> (1985–1986)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Venero_Mangano#1991_Windows_case" title="Venero Mangano">Window Case</a> (1991)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a> (1929–1931)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relation to other groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Allies" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/DeCavalcante_crime_family" title="DeCavalcante crime family">DeCavalcante family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Patriarca_crime_family" title="Patriarca crime family">Patriarca family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_crime_family" title="Philadelphia crime family">Philadelphia family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westies" title="Westies">Westies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inzerillo_Mafia_clan" title="Inzerillo Mafia clan">Inzerillo clan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genovese_crime_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Genovese_crime_family" title="Template:Genovese crime family"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Genovese_crime_family" title="Template talk:Genovese crime family"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Genovese_crime_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Genovese crime family"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Genovese_crime_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese crime family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bosses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Morello" title="Giuseppe Morello">Giuseppe Morello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Morello" title="Nicholas Morello">Nicholas Morello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Terranova" title="Vincenzo Terranova">Vincenzo Terranova</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Masseria" title="Joe Masseria">Giuseppe Masseria</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Luciano" title="Lucky Luciano">Lucky Luciano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Costello" title="Frank Costello">Frank Costello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vito_Genovese" title="Vito Genovese">Vito Genovese</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lombardo" title="Philip Lombardo">Philip Lombardo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Gigante" title="Vincent Gigante">Vincent Gigante</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Antico" title="Anthony Antico">Anthony Antico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Barbato" title="John Barbato">John Barbato</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liborio_Bellomo" title="Liborio Bellomo">Liborio Bellomo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mikey_Coppola" title="Mikey Coppola">Mikey Coppola</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Dentico" title="Lawrence Dentico">Lawrence Dentico</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louis_DiNapoli" title="Louis DiNapoli">Louis DiNapoli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Gallo" title="Albert Gallo">Albert Gallo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Gangi" title="Rosario Gangi">Rosario Gangi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Ida" title="James Ida">James Ida</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Leo_(mobster)" title="Daniel Leo (mobster)">Daniel Leo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Longo" title="Alan Longo">Alan Longo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Malangone" title="Alphonse Malangone">Alphonse Malangone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Manna" title="Louis Manna">Louis Manna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pagano" title="Daniel Pagano">Daniel Pagano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Varacalli" title="Ernest Varacalli">Ernest Varacalli</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Made men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Adonis" title="Joe Adonis">Joe Adonis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Alo" title="Vincent Alo">Vincent Alo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Ardito" title="John Ardito">John Ardito</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Boiardo" title="Richard Boiardo">Richard Boiardo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Bruno" title="Adolfo Bruno">Adolfo Bruno</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_Canterino" title="Dominick Canterino">Dominick Canterino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Carfano" title="Anthony Carfano">Anthony Carfano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gerardo_Catena" title="Gerardo Catena">Gerardo Catena</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dominick_Cirillo" title="Dominick Cirillo">Dominick Cirillo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Clemente" title="Michael Clemente">Michael Clemente</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Coppola_(mobster)" title="Mike Coppola (mobster)">Michael Coppola</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_DeCarlo" title="Angelo DeCarlo">Angelo DeCarlo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_DeFeo" title="Peter DeFeo">Peter DeFeo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_DiGilio" title="John DiGilio">John DiGilio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_DiNapoli" title="Vincent DiNapoli">Vincent DiNapoli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eboli" title="Thomas Eboli">Thomas Eboli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Facchiano" title="Albert Facchiano">Albert Facchiano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Federici" title="Anthony Federici">Anthony Federici</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tino_Fiumara" title="Tino Fiumara">Tino Fiumara</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Galizia" title="Joseph Galizia">Joseph Galizia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Gigante" title="Mario Gigante">Mario Gigante</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Giovanelli" title="Federico Giovanelli">Federico Giovanelli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Ianniello" title="Matthew Ianniello">Matthew Ianniello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Illiano" title="Frank Illiano">Frank Illiano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lanza" title="Joseph Lanza">Joseph Lanza</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ignazio_Lupo" title="Ignazio Lupo">Ignazio Lupo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Venero_Mangano" title="Venero Mangano">Venero Mangano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Miranda" title="Michele Miranda">Michele Miranda</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Moretti" title="Willie Moretti">Willie Moretti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Napoli" title="James Napoli">James Napoli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Luco_Pagano" title="Joseph Luco Pagano">Joseph Luco Pagano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Pappa" title="Gerard Pappa">Gerard Pappa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tomasso_Petto" title="Tomasso Petto">Tomasso Petto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Prisco" title="Angelo Prisco">Angelo Prisco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Provenzano" title="Anthony Provenzano">Anthony Provenzano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nunzio_Provenzano" title="Nunzio Provenzano">Nunzio Provenzano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rao" title="Joseph Rao">Joseph Rao</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ricci" title="Lawrence Ricci">Lawrence Ricci</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Romano" title="Carmine Romano">Carmine Romano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Russo_(mobster)" title="Anthony Russo (mobster)">Anthony Russo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Salerno" title="Anthony Salerno">Anthony Salerno</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Santobello" title="Rudolph Santobello">Rudolph Santobello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Saverio_Santora" title="Saverio Santora">Saverio Santora</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Strollo" title="Anthony Strollo">Anthony Strollo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ciro_Terranova" title="Ciro Terranova">Ciro Terranova</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Tieri_(mobster)" title="Frank Tieri (mobster)">Frank Tieri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tuzzo" title="Charles Tuzzo">Charles Tuzzo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Yale" title="Frankie Yale">Frankie Yale</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evsei_Agron" title="Evsei Agron">Evsei Agron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Andretta" title="Thomas Andretta">Thomas Andretta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Attilio_Bitondo" title="Attilio Bitondo">Attilio Bitondo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Galante" title="James Galante">James Galante</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fotios_Geas" title="Fotios Geas">Fotios Geas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Gigante" title="Louis Gigante">Louis Gigante</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bumpy_Johnson" title="Bumpy Johnson">Bumpy Johnson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Kastel" title="Phillip Kastel">Phillip Kastel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_Lansky" title="Meyer Lansky">Meyer Lansky</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_LaTempa" title="Peter LaTempa">Peter LaTempa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Ponte" title="Angelo Ponte">Angelo Ponte</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bugsy_Siegel" title="Bugsy Siegel">Bugsy Siegel</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Informants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Cafaro" title="Vincent Cafaro">Vincent Cafaro</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(drug_dealer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Lucas (drug dealer)">Frank Lucas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rupolo" title="Ernest Rupolo">Ernest Rupolo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Valachi" title="Joseph Valachi">Joseph Valachi</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions and crews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family_New_Jersey_faction" title="Genovese crime family New Jersey faction">New Jersey faction</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/116th_Street_Crew" title="116th Street Crew">116th Street Crew</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village_Crew" title="Greenwich Village Crew">Greenwich Village Crew</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Mob" title="Broadway Mob">Broadway Mob</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Harlem_Purple_Gang" title="East Harlem Purple Gang">East Harlem Purple Gang</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Hearings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Crime_in_Interstate_Commerce" title="United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce">Kefauver Committee</a> (1950–1951)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Valachi_hearings" title="Valachi hearings">Valachi hearings</a> (1963)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Scheme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Connection" title="French Connection">French Connection</a> (1960s–1970s)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_Commission_Trial" title="Mafia Commission Trial">Mafia Commission Trial</a> (1986)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Venero_Mangano" title="Venero Mangano">Window Case</a> (1991)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafia-Camorra_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Mafia-Camorra War">Mafia-Camorra War</a> (1914–1917)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a> (1929–1931)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relation to other groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_crime_family" title="Philadelphia crime family">Philadelphia family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Bugs_and_Meyer_Mob" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bugs and Meyer Mob">The Bugs-Meyer gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Murder,_Inc." title="Murder, Inc.">Murder, Inc.</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Rivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Westies" class="mw-redirect" title="The Westies">Westies</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lucchese_crime_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lucchese_crime_family" title="Template:Lucchese crime family"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lucchese_crime_family" title="Template talk:Lucchese crime family"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lucchese_crime_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lucchese crime family"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lucchese_crime_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese crime family</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bosses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Reina" title="Gaetano Reina">Gaetano Reina</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Gagliano" title="Tommy Gagliano">Tommaso Gagliano</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Lucchese" title="Tommy Lucchese">Gaetano Lucchese</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmine_Tramunti" title="Carmine Tramunti">Carmine Tramunti</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Corallo" title="Anthony Corallo">Anthony Corallo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Amuso" title="Victor Amuso">Vittorio Amuso</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lucchese_crime_family_mobsters" title="List of Lucchese crime family mobsters">Current members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Made men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Avellino" title="Salvatore Avellino">Salvatore Avellino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Crea" title="Steven Crea">Steven Crea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Madonna" title="Matthew Madonna">Matthew Madonna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Scarfo_Jr." title="Nicky Scarfo Jr.">Nicky Scarfo Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Senter_and_Joseph_Testa#Joseph_Testa" title="Anthony Senter and Joseph Testa">Joseph Testa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Taccetta" title="Martin Taccetta">Martin Taccetta</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Taccetta" title="Michael Taccetta">Michael Taccetta</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Senter_and_Joseph_Testa#Anthony_Senter" title="Anthony Senter and Joseph Testa">Anthony Senter</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_past_Lucchese_crime_family_mobsters" title="List of past Lucchese crime family mobsters">Past members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Made men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Carbo" title="Frankie Carbo">Frankie Carbo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_DiNorscio" title="Jackie DiNorscio">Jackie DiNorscio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Dio" title="Johnny Dio">Johnny Dio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Vario" title="Paul Vario">Paul Vario</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marat_Balagula" title="Marat Balagula">Marat Balagula</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Barnes" title="Nicky Barnes">Nicky Barnes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/James_Burke_(gangster)" title="James Burke (gangster)">James Burke</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DeSimone" title="Thomas DeSimone">Thomas DeSimone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Germaine" title="Robert Germaine">Robert Germaine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Informants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Accetturo" title="Anthony Accetturo">Anthony Accetturo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Casso" title="Anthony Casso">Anthony Casso</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_D%27Arco" title="Alphonse D'Arco">Alphonse D'Arco</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hill" title="Henry Hill">Henry Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Friedman_Hill" title="Karen Friedman Hill">Karen Friedman Hill</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factions and crews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family_New_Jersey_faction" title="Lucchese crime family New Jersey faction">New Jersey faction</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family%27s_Brooklyn_faction" title="Lucchese crime family's Brooklyn faction"> Brooklyn faction</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Harlem_Purple_Gang" title="East Harlem Purple Gang">East Harlem Purple Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tanglewood_Boys" title="Tanglewood Boys">Tanglewood Boys</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hearings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_to_Investigate_Crime_in_Interstate_Commerce" title="United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate Crime in Interstate Commerce">Kefauver Committee</a> (1950–1951)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Valachi_hearings" title="Valachi hearings">Valachi hearings</a> (1963)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_France_robbery" title="Air France robbery">Air France robbery</a> (1967)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hotel_Robbery" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Hotel Robbery">Pierre Hotel Robbery</a> (1972)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lufthansa_heist" title="Lufthansa heist">Lufthansa heist</a> (1978)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scheme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Connection" title="French Connection">French Connection</a> (1960s–1970s)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert%27s_Lounge" title="Robert's Lounge">Robert's Lounge</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mafia_Commission_Trial" title="Mafia Commission Trial">Mafia Commission Trial</a> (1986)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Venero_Mangano" title="Venero Mangano">Window Case</a> (1991)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castellammarese_War" title="Castellammarese War">Castellammarese War</a> (1929–1931)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Detectives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Eppolito_and_Stephen_Caracappa" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa">Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relation to other groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Buchalter" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Buchalter">Louis Buchalter's</a> <a href="/wiki/Murder,_Inc." title="Murder, Inc.">Murder, Inc.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Barnes" title="Nicky Barnes">Nicky Barnes's</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Council_(drug_syndicate)" title="The Council (drug syndicate)">Council</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marat_Balagula" title="Marat Balagula">Marat Balagula's gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Velentzas_Organization" title="Velentzas Organization">Velentzas "Greek" Organization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Miguel_Battle,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Miguel Battle, Sr.">Jose Battle's Corporation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rudaj_Organization" title="Rudaj Organization">Rudaj Organization</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Lucchese_crime_family_mobsters" title="List of Lucchese crime family mobsters">List of Lucchese crime family mobsters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_past_Lucchese_crime_family_mobsters" title="List of past Lucchese crime family mobsters">List of past Lucchese crime family mobsters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lucchese_crime_family_(1963)" title="Template:Lucchese crime family (1963)">Lucchese crime family (1963) Template</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organized_crime_groups_in_New_York_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Organized_crime_groups_in_New_York_City" title="Template:Organized crime groups in New York City"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Organized_crime_groups_in_New_York_City" title="Template talk:Organized crime groups in New York City"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organized_crime_groups_in_New_York_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Organized crime groups in New York City"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organized_crime_groups_in_New_York_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">Organized crime</a> groups in New York City</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/American_Mafia" title="American Mafia">Italian American Mafia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>The "<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Five Families</a>": <a href="/wiki/Bonanno_crime_family" title="Bonanno crime family">Bonanno</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Colombo_crime_family" title="Colombo crime family">Colombo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gambino_crime_family" title="Gambino crime family">Gambino</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Genovese_crime_family" title="Genovese crime family">Genovese</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lucchese_crime_family" title="Lucchese crime family">Lucchese</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive or in decline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camorra_in_New_York_City" title="Camorra in New York City">Camorra in New York City</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Morello_crime_family" title="Morello crime family">Morello crime family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/D%27Aquila_crime_family" title="D'Aquila crime family">D'Aquila crime family</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/East_Harlem_Purple_Gang" title="East Harlem Purple Gang">East Harlem Purple Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/South_Brooklyn_Boys" title="South Brooklyn Boys">South Brooklyn Boys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Five_Points_Gang" title="Five Points Gang">Five Points Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Murder,_Inc." title="Murder, Inc.">Murder, Inc.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tanglewood_Boys" title="Tanglewood Boys">Tanglewood Boys</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Mob" title="Irish Mob">Irish Mob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Inactive" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_Street_Gang" title="19th Street Gang">19th Street Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Thieves_(New_York_gang)" title="Forty Thieves (New York gang)">40 Thieves</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bowe_Brothers" title="Bowe Brothers">Bowe Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Rabbits" title="Dead Rabbits">Dead Rabbits</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Wanderers_(1979_film)#Plot" title="The Wanderers (1979 film)">The Ducky Boys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gopher_Gang" title="Gopher Gang">Gopher Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Gang" title="Grady Gang">Grady Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Dusters" title="Hudson Dusters">Hudson Dusters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kerryonians" title="Kerryonians">Kerryonians</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marginals" title="Marginals">Marginals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Conroy_Gang" title="Patsy Conroy Gang">Patsy Conroy Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Potashes_(gang)" title="Potashes (gang)">Potashes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Short_Tails" title="Short Tails">Short Tails</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Gang" title="Rhodes Gang">Rhodes Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roach_Guards" title="Roach Guards">Roach Guards</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Swamp_Angels" title="Swamp Angels">Swamp Angels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Westies" title="Westies">Westies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/White_Hand_Gang" title="White Hand Gang">White Hand Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Whyos" title="Whyos">Whyos</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yakey_Yakes" title="Yakey Yakes">Yakey Yakes</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jewish-American_organized_crime" title="Jewish-American organized crime">Jewish-American organized crime</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Rothstein" title="Arnold Rothstein">Arnold Rothstein</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bugsy_Siegel" title="Bugsy Siegel">Bugsy Siegel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Schultz" title="Dutch Schultz">Dutch Schultz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bugs_and_Meyer_Mob" title="Bugs and Meyer Mob">Bugs and Meyer Mob</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Murder,_Inc." title="Murder, Inc.">Murder, Inc.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Thrill_Killers" title="Brooklyn Thrill Killers">Brooklyn Thrill Killers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eastman_Gang" title="Eastman Gang">Eastman Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue_Gang" title="Lenox Avenue Gang">Lenox Avenue Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/New_York_divorce_coercion_gang" title="New York divorce coercion gang">New York divorce coercion gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_Black_Hand" title="Yiddish Black Hand">Yiddish Black Hand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zwi_Migdal" title="Zwi Migdal">Zwi Migdal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Spira" title="Howard Spira">Howard Spira</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Russian_mafia" title="Russian mafia">Russian mafia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evsei_Agron" title="Evsei Agron">Evsei Agron's Bratva</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marat_Balagula" title="Marat Balagula">Marat Balagula's Bratva</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Potato_Bag_Gang" title="Potato Bag Gang">Potato Bag Gang</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern and Southeastern European groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Velentzas_Organization" title="Velentzas Organization">Velentzas Organization</a> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_Americans" title="Greek Americans">Greek</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Polish-American_organized_crime#The_Greenpoint_Crew" title="Polish-American organized crime">The Greenpoint Crew</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rudaj_Organization" title="Rudaj Organization">Rudaj Organization</a> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_Americans" title="Albanian Americans">Albanian</a>, inactive)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Boys" title="Albanian Boys">Albanian Boys</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club#Outlaw_motorcycle_clubs_as_criminal_enterprises" title="Outlaw motorcycle club">Outlaw motorcycle gangs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hells_Angels" title="Hells Angels">Hells Angels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pagan%27s_Motorcycle_Club" title="Pagan's Motorcycle Club">Pagans</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breed_Motorcycle_Club" title="Breed Motorcycle Club">Breed</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_organized_crime" title="African-American organized crime">African-American groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crips" title="Crips">Crips</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rollin%27_30s_Harlem_Crips" title="Rollin' 30s Harlem Crips">Rollin' 30s Harlem Crips</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Blood_Nation" title="United Blood Nation">United Blood Nation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nine_Trey_Gangsters" title="Nine Trey Gangsters">Nine Trey Gangsters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sex_Money_Murder" title="Sex Money Murder">Sex Money Murder</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Spades" title="Black Spades">Black Spades</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bumpy_Johnson" title="Bumpy Johnson">Bumpy Johnson's gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Casper_Holstein" title="Casper Holstein">Casper Holstein's gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lucas" title="Frank Lucas">Frank Lucas's gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Matthews_(drug_trafficker)" title="Frank Matthews (drug trafficker)">Frank Matthews' gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Barnes" title="Nicky Barnes">Nicky Barnes's</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Council_(drug_syndicate)" title="The Council (drug syndicate)">Council</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Team_(gang)" title="Supreme Team (gang)">Supreme Team</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_St._Clair" title="Stephanie St. Clair">Stephanie St. Clair's gang</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic-American</a> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombian</a> <a href="/wiki/Drug_cartel" title="Drug cartel">drug cartels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medell%C3%ADn_Cartel" title="Medellín Cartel">Medellín Cartel</a> (inactive)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cali_Cartel" title="Cali Cartel">Cali Cartel</a> (inactive)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Norte_del_Valle_Cartel" title="Norte del Valle Cartel">Norte del Valle Cartel</a> (inactive)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Americans" title="Dominican Americans">Dominican</a> gangs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominicans_Don%27t_Play" title="Dominicans Don't Play">Dominicans Don't Play</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarios" title="Trinitarios">Trinitarios</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jheri_Curls" title="Jheri Curls">Jheri Curls</a> (inactive)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stateside_Puerto_Ricans" title="Stateside Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> gangs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Kings_(gang)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Kings (gang)">Latin Kings</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_Brothers" title="Ghetto Brothers">Ghetto Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Maus" title="Mau Maus">Mau Maus</a> (inactive)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/%C3%91etas" title="Ñetas">Ñetas</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central American gangs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/18th_Street_gang" title="18th Street gang">18th Street</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/MS-13" title="MS-13">MS-13</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sure%C3%B1os" title="Sureños">Sur 13</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese American</a> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tong_(organization)" title="Tong (organization)">Tongs</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lung_Kong_Tin_Yee_Association" title="Lung Kong Tin Yee Association">Four Brothers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hip_Sing_Association" title="Hip Sing Association">Hip Sing Association</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/On_Leong_Chinese_Merchants_Association" title="On Leong Chinese Merchants Association">On Leong Tong</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gangs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flying_Dragons_(gang)" title="Flying Dragons (gang)">Flying Dragons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Shadows" title="Ghost Shadows">Ghost Shadows</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/White_Tigers_(gang)" title="White Tigers (gang)">White Tigers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Continentals_(gang)" title="Continentals (gang)">Continentals</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign <i><a href="/wiki/Triad_(organized_crime)" title="Triad (organized crime)">Triad</a></i> gangs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/14K_(triad)" title="14K (triad)">14K</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Big_Circle_Gang" title="Big Circle Gang">Big Circle Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Ping" title="Sister Ping">Sister Ping</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Snakehead_(gang)" title="Snakehead (gang)">Snakehead</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian American</a> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Born_to_Kill_(gang)" title="Born to Kill (gang)">Born to Kill</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a>, inactive)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Rascal_Gang" title="Tiny Rascal Gang">Tiny Rascal Gang</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other historical groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Guards" title="Atlantic Guards">Atlantic Guards</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Batavia_Street_Gang" title="Batavia Street Gang">Batavia Street Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Street_Dudes" title="Baxter Street Dudes">Baxter Street Dudes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Boodle_Gang" title="Boodle Gang">Boodle Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Mob" title="Broadway Mob">Broadway Mob</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Street_Gang" title="Charlton Street Gang">Charlton Street Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Hill_Gang" title="Cherry Hill Gang">Cherry Hill Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chichesters" title="Chichesters">Chichesters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_Butch_Gang" title="Crazy Butch Gang">Crazy Butch Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Daybreak_Boys" title="Daybreak Boys">Daybreak Boys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Decepticons_(gang)" title="Decepticons (gang)">Decepticons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Mob" title="Dutch Mob">Dutch Mob</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gas_House_Gang" title="Gas House Gang">Gas House Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Honeymoon_Gang" title="Honeymoon Gang">Honeymoon Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hook_Gang" title="Hook Gang">Hook Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue_Gang" title="Lenox Avenue Gang">Lenox Avenue Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Molasses_Gang" title="Molasses Gang">Molasses Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Neighbors%27_Sons" title="Neighbors' Sons">Neighbors' Sons</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Nomads" title="Savage Nomads">Savage Nomads</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Skulls" title="Savage Skulls">Savage Skulls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shirt_Tails" title="Shirt Tails">Shirt Tails</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slaughter_House_Gang" title="Slaughter House Gang">Slaughter House Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_Gang" title="Tenth Avenue Gang">Tenth Avenue Gang</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tub_of_Blood_Bunch" title="Tub of Blood Bunch">Tub of Blood Bunch</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bowery_Boys_(gang)" title="Bowery Boys (gang)">Bowery Boys</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mario_Puzo&#039;s_The_Godfather" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Godfather" title="Template:The Godfather"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Godfather" title="Template talk:The Godfather"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Godfather" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Godfather"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mario_Puzo&#039;s_The_Godfather" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mario_Puzo" title="Mario Puzo">Mario Puzo</a>'s <i>The Godfather</i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_(book_series)" title="The Godfather (book series)">Book series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_(novel)" title="The Godfather (novel)">The Godfather</a></i> (1969)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sicilian" title="The Sicilian">The Sicilian</a></i> (1984)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Returns" title="The Godfather Returns">The Godfather Returns</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather%27s_Revenge" title="The Godfather's Revenge">The Godfather's Revenge</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Family_Corleone" title="The Family Corleone">The Family Corleone</a></i> (2012)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Puzo" title="Mario Puzo">Mario Puzo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Winegardner" title="Mark Winegardner">Mark Winegardner</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Falco" title="Edward Falco">Edward Falco</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_(film_series)" title="The Godfather (film series)">Film series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a></i> (1972)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_II" title="The Godfather Part II">The Godfather Part II</a></i> (1974)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_III" title="The Godfather Part III">The Godfather Part III</a></i> (1990)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_(soundtrack)" title="The Godfather (soundtrack)">The Godfather</a></i>
<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Theme_from_The_Godfather" title="Love Theme from The Godfather">Speak Softly, Love</a>"</li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_II_(soundtrack)" title="The Godfather Part II (soundtrack)">The Godfather Part II</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_III_(soundtrack)" title="The Godfather Part III (soundtrack)">The Godfather Part III</a></i>
<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Promise_Me_You%27ll_Remember_(Love_Theme_from_The_Godfather_Part_III)" title="Promise Me You'll Remember (Love Theme from The Godfather Part III)">Promise Me You'll Remember</a>"</li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Godfather_characters" title="List of The Godfather characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Corleone_family" title="Corleone family">Corleone<br />family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vito_Corleone" title="Vito Corleone">Vito Corleone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Corleone" title="Michael Corleone">Michael Corleone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hagen" title="Tom Hagen">Tom Hagen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Corleone" title="Sonny Corleone">Sonny Corleone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fredo_Corleone" title="Fredo Corleone">Fredo Corleone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carmela_Corleone" title="Carmela Corleone">Carmela Corleone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Adams-Corleone" class="mw-redirect" title="Kay Adams-Corleone">Kay Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Connie_Corleone" title="Connie Corleone">Connie Corleone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Corleone" title="Anthony Corleone">Anthony Corleone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Corleone" title="Mary Corleone">Mary Corleone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Corleone" title="Vincent Corleone">Vincent Corleone</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luca_Brasi" title="Luca Brasi">Luca Brasi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Clemenza" title="Peter Clemenza">Peter Clemenza</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Al_Neri" title="Al Neri">Al Neri</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pentangeli" title="Frank Pentangeli">Frank Pentangeli</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Tessio" title="Salvatore Tessio">Salvatore Tessio</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enemies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_Altobello" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Altobello">Don Altobello</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Barzini" title="Emilio Barzini">Emilio Barzini</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Don_Fanucci" title="Don Fanucci">Don Fanucci</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moe_Greene" title="Moe Greene">Moe Greene</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rizzi_(The_Godfather)" title="Carlo Rizzi (The Godfather)">Carlo Rizzi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hyman_Roth" title="Hyman Roth">Hyman Roth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Zasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Joey Zasa">Joey Zasa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Lamberto" title="Cardinal Lamberto">Cardinal Lamberto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Volpe" title="Albert Volpe">Albert Volpe</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_(1991_video_game)" title="The Godfather (1991 video game)">The Godfather</a></i> (1991)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_(2006_video_game)" title="The Godfather (2006 video game)">The Godfather</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_II_(video_game)" title="The Godfather II (video game)">The Godfather II</a></i> (2009)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Papers_and_Other_Confessions" title="The Godfather Papers and Other Confessions">The Godfather Papers and Other Confessions</a></i> (1972)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Take_the_Cannoli" title="Take the Cannoli">Take the Cannoli</a></i> (2000)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Effect" title="The Godfather Effect">The Godfather Effect</a></i> (2012)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Saga" title="The Godfather Saga">The Godfather Saga</a></i> (1977)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sicilian_(film)" title="The Sicilian (film)">The Sicilian</a></i> (1987)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Offer" title="The Offer">The Offer</a></i> (2022)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_figlioccio_del_padrino" title="Il figlioccio del padrino">Il figlioccio del padrino</a></i> (1973)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Funny_Face_of_the_Godfather" title="The Funny Face of the Godfather">The Funny Face of the Godfather</a></i> (1973)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Freshman_(1990_film)" title="The Freshman (1990 film)">The Freshman</a></i> (1990)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Godson_(film)" title="The Godson (film)">The Godson</a></i> (1998)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mafia!" title="Mafia!">Mafia!</a></i> (1998)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:The_Godfather" title="Category:The Godfather">Category</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1714845411' |
